Combining Proteomics and Metabolomics to Analyze the Effects of Spaceflight on Rice Progeny

Abstract

Spaceflight is a special abiotic stress, the biological effect mechanism of which on contemporary rice has been clarified, However, its effect on offspring rice was still unclear. In order to understand the response mechanism of F2 generation plants to space flight, this study used SJ-10 recoverable satellite to carry DN423 rice seeds for 12.5 days in orbit flight. After returning to the ground, the plants were then planted to F2 generation to explore the biological effect mechanism. Our research showed that in the F2 generation of TLS, the rice plant height of the space flight group increased by 33.8%, the ear length and thousand-grain weight decreased by 9.7 and 4.6%, respectively, and the grain number per panicle increased by 6.5%. Moreover, related proteins that control changes in agronomic traits have been identified. The changes of MDA, H2O2, soluble sugar, electron leakage and antioxidant enzyme activity confirmed the stress response in F2 generation plants. ITRAQ and LC-MS technology were used to reveal the change pattern of protein levels and metabolite levels in F2 generation plants, 389 and 405 proteins were identified as differentially abundant proteins in TLS and TS, respectively. In addition, there were 124 and 125 metabolites that changed during these two periods. The proteome and metabolome result further confirmed that the F2 generation plants still retained the memory of space flight stress, and retained the memory of space flight stress through genome instability. Oxidative stress signals activated sugar signals to rebuild metabolic networks to adapt to space flight stress. The reconstruction of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and flavonoid metabolism played an important role in the process of adapting to space flight stress. The results of this study broaden the perspective of space biological effects and provide a basis for studying the effects of abiotic stress on plant progeny.

The Effect of One-Year Seed Spaceflight Storage on Yield, Biochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Mature Leafy Vegetables Belonging to Brassicaceae, Apiaceae and Asteraceae Families

“…Multiple studies conducted in ISS revealed significant changes in hormonal, amino acid, protein biosynthesis, and redox homeostasis in plants due to short-term spaceflight [5,[22][23][24][25]. The latter phenomena suggest that the response variations to spaceflight seed storage are highly species and varietal dependent, and there are great prospects for quick space plant breeding to produce crops with shortened vegetation phases, high yields, and resistance to diseases [26][27][28].…”

Effect of Seed Spaceflight Storage on Tomato Fruit Quality and Peel/Pulp Mineral and Antioxidant Distribution

“…The effect of spaceflight on seed vigor and genetic changes has been the object of many investigations aiming to increase the rate of breeding [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The exposure of seeds to radiation and microgravity during storage at the ISS greatly affects gene expression [9], causing mutations [10], chromosome aberration [11] and morphological changes [12].…”

Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Uncover the Effects of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Beam Irradiation on Capsicum annuum L.

“…The ion beam technique can induce broad-spectrum mutations at high frequencies, resulting in pronounced biological effects while minimizing damage to target species and ensuring stable inheritance of mutations, making it an ideal method for breeding new cultivars [2,3]. So far, this method has already been widely applied to conduct mutagenesis studies of various plants, including maize, rice, wheat, and Arabidopsis [4][5][6]. However, few studies have used ion beam irradiation technology to breed new hot pepper cultivars.…”