Combining SFA and LCA

Tukker, Arnold; Kleijn, René; Oers, Lauran van; Smeets, E.R.W.

doi:10.1162/jiec.1997.1.4.93

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results agree with the findings from a comprehensive SFA of PVC in Sweden, performed by Tukker et al (1997). Their study showed that roof covering, plastisol building plate and automotive applications were by far the most important sources of phthalate outdoor emissions.…”

Section: Data Inventory and Calculation Of Substance Flowssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…SFAs can be valuable for predicting emissions to the environment, clarifying needs for action, and evaluating the efficiency of pollution control measures. Flow analyses have previously been performed for a number of materials, including PVC (Tukker et al 1997), and substances such as alkylphenols (Må nsson et al 2008) and phthalates (Hoffmann 1996). Most flow analyses cover the fluxes of goods and substances in a specific economic and geographic area, most often a country, a region or a city, leaving the results difficult to apply in other areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance flow analyses of phthalates and nonylphenols in stormwater

Björklund

2010

Water Science and Technology

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The occurrence of nonylphenol and several phthalates in water environments is highly undesired because of their negative effects on aquatic organisms. The objectives of this study were to identify emission sources of phthalates, nonylphenol and its ethoxylates (NP/EOs) in urban stormwater, and to quantify the substance fluxes from the source to the stormwater system, using the methodology of substance flow analysis (SFA). The SFA, applied on an urban motorway area, showed that phthalates are mainly emitted from vehicles and coated roofing material, whereas the major NP/EOs sources are vehicles and concrete. It was estimated that approximately 4.1 kg of four selected phthalates and more than 400 g of NP/EOs are emitted annually to stormwater in the studied area. The SFA approach presented in this study, using factors that express the emission rate of a specific substance from a specific source, could be applied in urban catchments of various character to estimate fluxes of water contaminants.

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Section: Data Inventory and Calculation Of Substance Flowssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance flow analyses of phthalates and nonylphenols in stormwater

Björklund

2010

Water Science and Technology

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“…MFA is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in time and space (Brunner and Rechberger 2004). As such, MFA is the first step of every life cycle assessment (LCA) (Brunner and Rechberger 2004;Tukker et al 1997). The term material stands both for substances and goods.…”

Section: Sfa Applied To Precious Metals and Weee Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Precious Metal Flows During Preprocessing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Chancerel¹,

Meskers

Hagelüken

et al. 2009

J of Industrial Ecology

319

153

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Keywords:industrial ecology printed circuit board (PCB) recycling resource recovery substance flow analysis (SFA) waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) SummaryThe manufacturing of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) is a major demand sector for precious and special metals with a strong growth potential. Both precious and special metals are contained in complex components with only small concentrations per unit. After the use-phase, waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) is an important source of these "trace elements." Their recycling requires appropriate processes in order to cope with the hazardous substances contained in WEEE and to recover efficiently the valuable materials. Although state-of-the-art preprocessing facilities are optimized for recovering mass-relevant materials such as iron and copper, trace elements are often lost. The objective of this article is to show how a substance flow analysis (SFA) on a process level can be used for a holistic approach, covering technical improvement at process scale, optimization of product life cycles, and contributing to knowledge on economy-wide material cycles. An SFA in a full-scale preprocessing facility shows that only 11.5 wt.% of the silver and 25.6 wt.% of the gold and of the palladium reach output fractions from which they may potentially be recovered. For copper this percentage is 60. Considering the environmental rucksack of precious metals, an improvement of the recycling chain would significantly contribute to the optimization of the product life cycle impact of EEE and to ensuring the long-term supply of precious metals.

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“…(c) Life cycle of a chemical in all of its product applications ( e.g. , analyzed through substance of material flow analyses either or not combined with RA 55 and/or LCA 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%