Combining textural and geochemical investigations to explore the dynamics of magma ascent during Plinian eruptions: a Somma–Vesuvius volcano (Italy) case study

Pappalardo, Lucia; Buono, Gianmarco; Fanara, Sara; Petrosino, Paola

doi:10.1007/s00410-018-1486-x

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The studied volcanic succession (Figure 3) includes a few-meters-thick fallout deposit consisting-from the base to the top-of a basal, high-vesiculated, white pumice layer; an intermediate level of high to moderate vesiculated grey pumices; and an upper level of denser, black scoriae. This stratigraphic sequence corresponds to fallout deposits emplaced during the so-called "Pomici di Base" Plinian eruption (22,000 yrs BP [25]) of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, which is well described in the literature [28][29][30][31]. The observed variations in lithological facies in the stratigraphy of this fallout deposit well-match the changes in eruption dynamics during the progression of the volcanic activity.…”

Section: Pyroclastic Soilssupporting

confidence: 66%

Capillary Barriers during Rainfall Events in Pyroclastic Deposits of the Vesuvian Area

et al. 2021

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In the present paper, the capillary barrier formation at the interface between soil layers, which is characterized by textural discontinuities, has been analyzed. This mechanism has been investigated by means of a finite element model of a two-layer soil stratification. The two considered formations, belonging to the pyroclastic succession of the “Pomici di Base” Plinian eruption (22 ka, Santacroce et al., 2008) of the Somma–Vesuvius volcano, are affected by shallow instability phenomena likely caused by progressive saturation during the rainfall events. This mechanism could be compatible with the formation of capillary barriers at the interface between layers of different grain size distributions during infiltration. One-dimensional infiltration into the stratified soil was parametrically simulated considering rainfall events of increasing intensity and duration. The variations in the suction and degree of saturation over time allowed for the evaluation of stability variations in the layers, which were assumed as part of stratified unsaturated infinite slopes.

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Section: Pyroclastic Soilssupporting

confidence: 66%

Capillary Barriers during Rainfall Events in Pyroclastic Deposits of the Vesuvian Area

et al. 2021

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“…For this reason, e.g., the bubble number density of erupted material is proportional to the ascent rate (Toramaru 2006). A variety of techniques has been developed to quantify magmatic ascent rates using chemical transport signatures, mineralogical, or textural observations of the erupted materials (e.g., Rutherford 2008;Browne and Szramek 2015), including bubble size and distribution (bubble number density) or melt inclusions in volcanic minerals (Pappalardo et al 2018). Each of these methods has limitations and still leaves a considerable uncertainty on estimates of the ascent rate, hence the need to establish Communicated by Gordon Moore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium and boron diffusivity and isotopic fractionation in hydrated rhyolitic melts

Spallanzani

Koga

Cichy

et al. 2022

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Lithium and boron are trace components of magmas, released during exsolution of a gas phase during volcanic activity. In this study, we determine the diffusivity and isotopic fractionation of Li and B in hydrous silicate melts. Two glasses were synthesized with the same rhyolitic composition (4.2 wt% water), having different Li and B contents; these were studied in diffusion-couple experiments that were performed using an internally heated pressure vessel, operated at 300 MPa in the temperature range 700–1250 °C for durations from 0 s to 24 h. From this we determined activation energies for Li and B diffusion of 57 ± 4 kJ/mol and 152 ± 15 kJ/mol with pre-exponential factors of 1.53 × 10–7 m2/s and 3.80 × 10–8 m2/s, respectively. Lithium isotopic fractionation during diffusion gave β values between 0.15 and 0.20, whereas B showed no clear isotopic fractionation. Our Li diffusivities and isotopic fractionation results differ somewhat from earlier published values, but overall confirm that Li diffusivity increases with water content. Our results on B diffusion show that similarly to Li, B mobility increases in the presence of water. By applying the Eyring relation, we confirm that B diffusivity is limited by viscous flow in silicate melts. Our results on Li and B diffusion present a new tool for understanding degassing-related processes, offering a potential geospeedometer to measure volcanic ascent rates.

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“…Similar observations were made in juvenile fragments of the Pomici di Base Plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius. Even though the CXs were not directly observed in the products of that eruption, high vesicle-number densities and multiple cumulative vesicle-size distribution patterns were explained by rapid vesiculation pulses driven by syn-eruptive limestone assimilation during magma ascent through the carbonate bedrock (Pappalardo et al 2018).…”

Section: Heating Of Clasts and Volatile Releasementioning

confidence: 93%

New evidence of syn-eruptive magma-carbonate interaction: the case study of the Pomici di Avellino eruption at Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)

Mele,

Knuever,

Dellino

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Calcareous lithics are commonly found within the products of some explosive eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius, but their short-term contribution to the eruption dynamics has never been evaluated. The pumice fragments from the final phase of the Plinian fallout event of the Pomici di Avellino eruption contain abundant calcareous xenoliths. Previous works on that eruption, as resulting from numerical simulations, suggested that the release of CO2 from the entrapment of carbonates may have prolonged the magmatic phase of the eruption by maintaining sufficient driving pressure in the feeding dyke. The texture and thermo-metamorphic reactions of carbonate xenolith-bearing pumice fragments of the Pomici di Avellino eruption are analysed through petrography, scanning electron microscope images, energy dispersive spectrometer, and micro-computed X-ray tomography to deduce the behaviour of short-term carbonate-magma interaction and its contribution to the eruption dynamics. Results show that calcareous xenoliths experienced short-term magma-carbonate interaction, which took place in three steps: i) ingestion, i.e., the physic-mechanical process of carbonate xenoliths entrainment, ii) decarbonation, related to high-temperature decomposition reaction, and iii) digestion or dissolution of the incorporated calcareous xenoliths into the melt with diffusion of Ca and Mg. The CO2 released during the syn-eruptive decarbonation process thus provided extra volatiles to the rising magma, which may have maintained magma buoyancy longer than expected if only magmatic volatiles were involved in the eruption.

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Combining textural and geochemical investigations to explore the dynamics of magma ascent during Plinian eruptions: a Somma–Vesuvius volcano (Italy) case study

Cited by 26 publications

References 127 publications

Capillary Barriers during Rainfall Events in Pyroclastic Deposits of the Vesuvian Area

Capillary Barriers during Rainfall Events in Pyroclastic Deposits of the Vesuvian Area

Lithium and boron diffusivity and isotopic fractionation in hydrated rhyolitic melts

New evidence of syn-eruptive magma-carbonate interaction: the case study of the Pomici di Avellino eruption at Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)

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