Combining traditional medicine and modern chemistry to fight malaria

Ooij, Christiaan van

doi:10.21037/atm.2016.12.39

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Many studies have determined the antimalarial activity of herbal extracts against the asexual disease-causing parasite using the standard 72-hour drug assay [14][15][16][17][18], and their activity was classified as 'good' (IC 50 < 10 μg/ml), 'moderate' (IC 50 10 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml), 'low' (IC 50 50 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml), and 'inactive' (IC 50 > 100 μg/ml) based on the concentration of the product that causes a 50% reduction in parasite prevalence (IC 50 ) values [19]. The effects of a longer treatment regimen on both the asexual parasite and the gametocyte have more frequently been left undetermined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Herbal Plants

Cudjoe

Donu

Okonu

et al. 2020

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. The asexual and sexual stages (gametocytes) of Plasmodium falciparum parasites are known to respond differently to antimalarial drugs. Herbal products with extended treatment regimens and inadequate dosing information are widely used to treat malaria in Ghana. This study set out to determine the in vitro activity of selected herbal extracts on the development of asexual and sexual stage malaria parasites. Methods. The 72-hour SYBR Green 1-based in vitro drug assay was used to determine the asexual parasite growth inhibitory effects exhibited by aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia, Polyalthia longifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Mangifera indica on the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and IPC 4912 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The effects of exposure of asexual and early-stage NF54 gametocytes to varying concentrations of the aqueous herbal extracts were assessed by microscopy after 7 days of continuous culturing in the presence of the herbal extract. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were also performed on the herbal extracts. Results. In the SYBR Green 1 assay, aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia exhibited moderate (IC50 of 5.8, 17.4, and 15.8 μg/ml) and Mangifera indica exhibited low (IC50 of 65.4, 96.7, and 81.7 μg/ml) activities against the NF54, Cam WT_C580Y, and IPC 4912 parasites, respectively, whilst Polyalthia longifolia and Moringa oleifera were inactive. Long-term treatment of NF54 parasites with 1 mg/ml of Polyalthia longifolia produced the highest densities of gametocytes and the least (56%) inhibition of asexual parasites on Day 7. Long-term treatment of NF54 parasites with 10 μg/ml Alchornea cordifolia resulted in complete parasite (asexual and gametocyte) clearance on Day 7. Conclusions. Alchornea cordifolia exhibited a ‘moderate’ activity against the three parasites tested in the 72-hour SYBR Green 1 assay and also effectively cleared both asexual parasites and gametocytes. Long-term treatment of malaria parasites with herbal extracts mimics a treatment regimen and should be used to determine the antimalarial properties of herbal extracts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Herbal Plants

Cudjoe

Donu

Okonu

et al. 2020

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…Fraction SD11 with a retention time of 16.2 min (the major peak) was collected and further analyzed by NMR. The 1 H NMR spectrum signals showed δ 7.592 (2H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, 3-H), δ 6.826 (1H, s, H-5), δ 6.810 (1H, s, H-8), δ 6.254 (1H, d, J = 9.5 Hz, 3-H), δ 3.904 (3H, s, OCH 3 ), and δ 3.688 (3H, s, OCH 3 ), while its 13 spectra (Figure S3 of the Supporting Information), compound 1 (R t = 18.7 min) from fraction SD11 was identified as scoparone, C 11 H 10 O 4 . Additionally, we used a standard to confirm the peak in fraction SD11.…”

Section: Identification Of the Chromatographic Peaks In Fraction Sd11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08132. TLC result of 27 subfractions from COE-sup-D (fraction SD), with subfractions with similar visible patterns combined to obtain the following four subfractions: fractions SD1−SD8, SD9−SD15, SD16−SD24, and SD25-SD27 (Figure S1), 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of COE-sup-D11 (fraction SD11), with fraction SD11 isolated by HPLC and identified using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies to elucidate the chemical structures (Figures S2 and S3), and primer sequences used for qRT-PCR in this study (Table S1) (PDF)…”

Section: * Sı Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating evidence suggests that plant-derived natural products, especially Chinese herbal medicine, not only represent an important category of complementary and alternative medicine but are also an efficacious and safe treatment option against various diseases, including inflammatory diseases. 13 Because bioactive compounds in medicinal plants are mainly phenolic compounds, which play a critical role in the antiinflammatory response, we used Chinese olive (Canarium album L.) fruit in this study. Chinese olive (COE) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to relieve diarrhea and sore throats, quench thirst, and promote body fluid and detoxication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…δ C 146.325 (C-9), δ C 143.266 (C-4), δ C 113.497 (C-10), δ C 111.407 (C-3), δ C 108.2 (C-5), δ C 100.2 (C-8), δ C 56.OCH 3 −), and δ C 56.6 (OCH 3 −). On the basis of the 1 HNMR (FigureS2of the Supporting Information) and13 C NMR…”

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Identification of Scoparone from Chinese Olive Fruit as a Modulator of Macrophage Polarization

Yeh

Hsu

Chen

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Chinese olive (Canarium album L.) has been highlighted for its remarkable health benefits. We previously showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese olive (COE) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we used a luciferase-based RAW 264.7 cell platform to detect the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, a key mediator of inflammation, and the promoter activity of its downstream target, COX-2. Through functional-oriented screening using these platforms, we further divided COE into several subfractions. Subsequently, we used silica gel column chromatography for purification, and the active compounds were separated and isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure of the resulting compound with high anti-inflammatory activity was then identified as scoparone. Our results showed that scoparone not only inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of nitric oxide and suppressed M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, Il-6, Ccl2, and Tnf-α) but also markedly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CCL2, and TNF-α). Treatment with scoparone significantly reduced the protein level of TNF-α in LPS-treated bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In addition, scoparone promoted macrophages toward an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, as determined by the significantly increased gene expression of M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Ym1, Mrc1, Il-10, and Cd206) and the protein level of Arg1. This study indicates that COE fruit has high therapeutic potential for various inflammatory diseases as a result of switching the macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.

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Combining traditional medicine and modern chemistry to fight malaria

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

The In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Herbal Plants

The In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Ghanaian Herbal Plants

Identification of Scoparone from Chinese Olive Fruit as a Modulator of Macrophage Polarization

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