Combustion and agglomeration characteristics of aluminized propellants containing Al/CuO/PVDF metastable intermolecular composites: A highly adjustable functional catalyst

Ao, Wen; Wen, Zhan; Liu, Lu; Wang, Yan; Liu, Peijin; Zhao, Qin; Li, Larry K.B.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112110

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…1−3 Nevertheless, Al microparticles often suffer from serious agglomeration during combustion, resulting in incomplete combustion. 4,5 Some recent studies have markedly enhanced the combustion performance of Al particles including burning rate, ignition time, and ignition temperature by regulating the particle size and introducing additives. 6−9 Compared with Al microparticles, aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) <200 nm are very promising for overcoming the combustion instability due to their higher combustion enthalpy, shorter burning time, and larger heat output.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum (Al) microparticles are widely used in composite solid propellants, explosives, and ammunition due to their high energy density and combustion heat. − Nevertheless, Al microparticles often suffer from serious agglomeration during combustion, resulting in incomplete combustion. , Some recent studies have markedly enhanced the combustion performance of Al particles including burning rate, ignition time, and ignition temperature by regulating the particle size and introducing additives. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastable Aluminum Nanoparticles with Enhanced Combustion Performance Enabled by a Polydopamine/Polyethyleneimine Nanocoating

Xiong

Wu³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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In national defense, aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) have better combustion performance than Al microparticles but are easily oxidized during processing, especially in oxidative liquids. Although some protective coatings have been reported, it is still challenging to obtain Al NPs stable in oxidative liquids (e.g., hot liquids) without scarifying combustion performance. Here, we report ultrastable Al NPs with enhanced combustion performance enabled by the crosslinked polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) nanocoating merely ∼15 nm in thickness and ∼0.24 wt % in mass. The Al@PDA/PEI NPs are fabricated by one-step rapid graft copolymerization of dopamine and PEI on Al NPs at room temperature. The formation mechanism of the nanocoating is discussed including reactions between dopamine and PEI and interactions of the nanocoating with Al NPs. The Al@PDA/PEI NPs show excellent stability in hot water, and the mechanism is interpreted by molecular dynamics simulation. The PDA/PEI nanocoating can also enhance the combustion heat and burning rate of Al NPs.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastable Aluminum Nanoparticles with Enhanced Combustion Performance Enabled by a Polydopamine/Polyethyleneimine Nanocoating

Xiong

Wu³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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“…The Al-based metal fuels are widely used in the fields of propellants, , gas generators, and other energetic formulations , for their high energy density and cost-effective nature. The metastable intermixed composites (MIC) are a typical Al-based fuel, where the fuel and oxidizer (usually metal oxidizes, M x O y ) intimately contact with each other, which is responsible for their higher reactivity, improved heat and mass transfer rates, and greater energy release efficiency. , However, conventional M x O y -based MICs are usually in powder form without binder, which is difficult to be pressed into an integrated structure with acceptable mechanical strength .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing on Mutual Interaction Mechanisms of the Ingredients of Al/CuO/PVDF Nanocomposites

Xiong,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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In this paper, several binary and ternary metastable intermixed nanocomposites Al/CuO, Al/PVDF, CuO/PVDF, and Al/CuO/PVDF have been prepared by simple mechanical mixing and ball milling followed by spray drying methods. In this way, the interfacial structure could be well tuned and compared in terms of reactivity. The nonisothermal DSC curves results showed that the exothermic reaction of Al/CuO/PVDF could be divided into three steps. In addition, it has been shown that for the same formulation, the reaction efficiency, pressurization capacity, and thermal reactivity are greatly dependent on the interfacial structure. As a typical example, composite Al@PVDF/CuO, where Al is fully covered with PVDF, exhibited a higher energy release of 10.7 kJ·cm–3 and pressurization rates of 22.79 MPa·s–1·g–1. The reaction between Al and PVDF has been facilitated in both extent of reaction and efficiency due to their intimate contact. Based on the thermal analysis, condensed combustion product analysis, and gaseous phase identification, the mutual reaction mechanisms of Al/CuO/PVDF have been proposed. The most likely reactions that occurred at each stage of the reaction are summarized, providing insight into the complicated underlying mechanisms. It shows that the regulation of energy release rates and improved efficiency could be easily realized by predesigned interfacial structures.

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“…However, the addition of aluminum complicates the combustion process of propellants. Previous research [1,2] has highlighted the significant issue of agglomeration during aluminum combustion on the burning surface. Agglomerates formed during combustion generate condensed combustion products (CCPs) that have detrimental effects on the solid rocket motor system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion

Gou,

Hu,

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminum trihydride (AlH3) has gained considerable attention as a substitute fuel for aluminum in solid propellants. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation to evaluate the effects of AlH3 content, ranging from 0 % to 18 %, on propellant ignition, combustion, and agglomeration. Experimental methods such as thermogravimetry−differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC), laser ignition, high‐speed photography, and collecting condensed combustion products (CCPs) were employed. The results indicate that AlH3 significantly promotes the high‐temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Meanwhile, the addition of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) in propellant does not affect the hydrogen release reaction of AlH3. As the AlH3 content increases from 0 % to 18 %, the spectral emission intensity of the propellants decreases, and the ignition delay time initially increases from 253 ms to 321 ms, and then decreases to 258 ms. Furthermore, the burning rate increases with increasing the AlH3 content, while the pressure exponent is reduced from 0.551 to 0.460. The inclusion of AlH3 in propellants significantly inhibits aluminum agglomeration near the burning surface. Additionally, as the AlH3 content increases, the mean particle size D43 of the CCPs decreases from 50.95 μm to 8.28 μm at 1 MPa. The agglomeration degree of aluminum is very weak at 7 MPa, especially when the AlH3 content exceeds 9 %. The conclusions drawn from this study can serve as valuable guidance for optimizing propellant formulations.

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Combustion and agglomeration characteristics of aluminized propellants containing Al/CuO/PVDF metastable intermolecular composites: A highly adjustable functional catalyst

Cited by 44 publications

References 54 publications

Ultrastable Aluminum Nanoparticles with Enhanced Combustion Performance Enabled by a Polydopamine/Polyethyleneimine Nanocoating

Ultrastable Aluminum Nanoparticles with Enhanced Combustion Performance Enabled by a Polydopamine/Polyethyleneimine Nanocoating

Probing on Mutual Interaction Mechanisms of the Ingredients of Al/CuO/PVDF Nanocomposites

Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion

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