Combustion and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends and Supplemented with Intake CO2 Charge Dilution

Abstract

This study investigated the inluence of a four-cylinder naturally aspirated directinjection diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blended D"E) fuels tested at a steady state speed of rev/min under diferent engine loads, ethanol volume and intake carbon dioxide CO ) dilution ratios on engine performance, combustion characteristics, regulated gaseous emissions, and soot agglomerates. Overall, the experimental results indicate that D"E blends can in general improve brake thermal eiciency "TE) and reduce nitrogen oxides NO x ), carbon monoxide CO), CO , volatile organic fractions, particulate mass PM), and particulate number PN) concentrations, while brake-speciic fuel consumption "SFC) and hydrocarbon HC) might increase slightly. Compared with ultra-low-sulfur diesel, D"E blends can maintain a good tradeof relationship among PM-PN-NO x . Compared with biodiesel, the blended fuels perform beter in suppressing brake-speciic particle number emissions "SPN), leading to a reduction of ultraine and nanoparticle numbers. The combined efect of D"E blends with intake CO dilution has marginal efects on "SFC and "TE, signiicantly reducing NO x emission while slightly increasing particulate emissions. On particulate characteristics, D"E blends produce soots with curved, tortuous, and disorganized nanostructures with low soot burnout temperature and strong oxidation rate favoring PM-PN reduction.Keywords: diesel-biodiesel-ethanol, combustion characteristics, gaseous emissions, particle emissions, particle morphology © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 15DME, DMC, ethanol, or methanol have been studied by few researches as efective additives 16to be applied as coproducts in CI engines. 18. . Food, energy, and environment trilemma 19Of the alternative biofuels, the most widely investigated include biodiesel and ethanol [ ]. 20These two fuels have clear emission advantages over diesel. However, some studies have raised 21the concern of "food versus fuel" arising from plant-based biodiesel and ethanol, which might 22 be the main hurdle for commercialization [ ]. In fact, the economic consequences of these 23 biofuel expansions are mixed and there are still some issues that will inluence the actual 24 impacts on food costs that have not been accounted for. To counter the "food, energy, and 25 environment trilemma", the development of these biofuels from nonfood sources i.e., 26biodiesel from waste cooking oil, ethanol from cellulosic nonfood crops, etc.) can show great 27 promise in reducing food commodities being utilized for biofuel production [ ]. 28. . Investigation of D"E blends 29Focus of many previous researches was placed on diesel-biodiesel blends on general diesel Sulfur content %mass) < < < < Table . Properties of Euro V diesel, biodiesel, ethanol, m...

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

“…VOFs decreased with increasing engine loads, owing to a reduction in UHCs. 304 VOFs increased with increasing biofuel concentration blended with diesel, resulting in improved particulate surface/ volume ratio (pores). The effect of oven temperature on the particulate mass is depicted in Figure 21(a).…”