Combustion behavior and thermal pyrolysis kinetics of flame-retardant epoxy composites based on organic–inorganic intumescent flame retardant

Jiao, Chuanmei; Zhang, Chongjie; Jian, Dong; Chen, Xilei; Qian, Yi; Li, Shaoxiang

doi:10.1007/s10973-014-4379-x

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Also, its residual macroscopic morphology has confirmed that it plays a little IFR role comparing with others. For the two HRR peaks, the first small one after the ignition formed rapidly is caused by the decomposition of POSS‐PBS‐CNTs to form a protective barrier on the matrix to protect from the release of flammable and volatile gases; hence, the first small peak appears in the HRR curve, indicating a strong condensed FR mechanism for POSS‐PBS‐CNTs. The second peak is attributed to the destruction of the protective barrier char causing the release of the trapped flammable volatiles and resulting in the matrix burning …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second peak is attributed to the destruction of the protective barrier char causing the release of the trapped flammable volatiles and resulting in the matrix burning. 37 From Figure 10, POSS-PBS has an apparent improvement of the THR reduction of EP matrix with respect to POSS-PBS-CNTs. That's because the bromine-containing substance in POSS-PBS can capture active radicals forming in combustion in the gas phase so that the burning reaction is slowed down or terminated, and Br-Sb synergistic system, whose mechanism has been confirmed for many years, 18 can release the volatiles diluting O 2 in air and covering on the material's surface to reduce the burning rate.…”

Section: Cone Testmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposite with a novel polymeric nanoflame retardant

Zhai

Xin

Chen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A wrapped nanoflame retardant, designated as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐poly(4‐bromostyrene) (PBS)‐carbon nanotubes (CNTs), was synthesized via π‐π stacking interactions between the walls of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the silicon‐bromine containing hybrid copolymer (designated as POSS‐PBS) that was copolymerized by 4‐bromostyrene and acryloyloxyisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The POSS‐PBS‐CNTs exhibited good dispersibility in epoxy resin (EP) without obvious aggregation. Furthermore, the fire behaviors of this flame‐retardant EP (FR‐EP) nanocomposites were examined via limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The FR‐EP had an ideal LOI value of 35.3% and its residual char yield obtained from CONE test was significantly enhanced from 5.9% to 15.3% with the incorporation of 4 wt% POSS‐PBS‐CNTs and 1.33 wt% Sb2O3 into EP matrix. Additionally, the addition of 4 wt% POSS‐PBS‐CNTs or POSS‐PBS can efficiently decrease the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP matrix by 41.0% or 45.6%, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cone Testmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposite with a novel polymeric nanoflame retardant

Zhai

Xin

Chen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Here, taking the derivative with respect to temperature yields the following equation :

\frac{d}{d T} true(\frac{d α}{d T} true) = A e^{- \frac{E}{R T} {(1 - α)}^{n}} true[\frac{E ϕ}{R T^{2}} - A n {(1 - α)}^{n - 1} e^{- E / R T} true]

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thermal‐oxidative aging on the flammability, thermal degradation kinetics and mechanical properties of DBDPE flame retardant long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

Guo

Wang

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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Long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites containing 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′‐decabromobibenzy flame retardants (LGF/DBDPE/PP) are prepared by melt blending method. The flame‐retardant properties of the composites with various thermal‐oxidative exposure time (0–50 days) at 140°C were investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 vertical burning test. The LOI values vary slightly with increasing the aging time, while the UL‐94 level maintains a constant V‐0 rating. The results demonstrate that the flammability of LGF/DBDPE/PP composites can remain at a relatively stable level in long time thermal‐oxidative aging process, which can be attributed to the excellent efficiency of DBDPE fire retardant and the impacts of thermal‐oxidative aging on the thermal stability of the composites turned out to be small. The thermal degradation kinetics of the unaged and aged LGF/DBDPE/PP composites are investigated by the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The obtained activation energy values can further provide objective evidence for revealing the regularities about the flammability of the LGF/DBDPE/PP composites during the thermal‐oxidative aging process. However, the crystallinity and mechanical properties of LGF/DBDPE/PP composites show a slow downtrend after thermal‐oxidative aging. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1733–E1741, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The isoconversional method of kinetic analysis has been utilized by many researchers in recent years to analyze the thermal kinetic parameters for pyrolysis of carbon/epoxy resin composites. Jiao et al used the Kissinger and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) methods to obtain the activation energy of the resin system. Activation energy requirements obtained by Régnier et al using the Kissinger method for each step of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite pyrolysis were found to be greater for pyrolysis in atmospheric air compared with nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal behavior and kinetics study of carbon/epoxy resin composites

Yang

Shen

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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Carbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites are frequently used as engineering materials within the aerospace sector. However, epoxy resin matrix and foam‐core materials are highly flammable. In this work, the thermal behaviors of carbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates in atmospheric air. The morphological images of specimens and the residue after pyrolysis at different characteristic temperatures were further investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the vapors and gases evolved during the thermal decomposition. It was determined that the pyrolysis reactions of carbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites consist of three decomposition steps. Furthermore, an increase in the heating rate of each material results in higher initial and final temperatures for each thermal decomposition step. Kinetic parameters for the decomposition for carbon/epoxy composites were estimated using Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, and Starink methods, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were obtained. Through analysis of the reaction kinetics, it was determined that the pyrolysis reactions of carbon/epoxy composites are not easily activated, requiring significant activation energy, but the series of reactions take place easily once this energy barrier is overcome.

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Combustion behavior and thermal pyrolysis kinetics of flame-retardant epoxy composites based on organic–inorganic intumescent flame retardant

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposite with a novel polymeric nanoflame retardant

Flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposite with a novel polymeric nanoflame retardant

Effects of thermal‐oxidative aging on the flammability, thermal degradation kinetics and mechanical properties of DBDPE flame retardant long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites

Thermal behavior and kinetics study of carbon/epoxy resin composites

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