Air injection as a thermal method
for heavy oil recovery has a
long history of about a century. However, it has not been widely applied
in oilfields to date because of many challenges caused by its technical
complexity. In the last two decades, more and more attention has been
paid to the air injection technique because of the increasing demand
for the effective development of hard-to-recover resources, including
heavy oil, bitumen, oil shale, water-flooded mature reservoirs, etc.
in a more energy-saving, cost-effective, environmentally friendly
way. Consequently, many considerable improvements in both theory and
technology have been made recently. This work first reviews the recent
advances in the reaction mechanism of crude oil oxidation with highlights
on the difference and connection between the oxidation of different
oil components as well as their interaction during cocombustion; then,
it discusses the catalytic methods for intensifying crude oil combustion
with different types of catalysts, including nanometal-based particles,
water-soluble metallic salts, and oil-dispersed metal-based catalysts.
On the basis of the detailed review and discussion, we shed light
on the challenges facing the air injection process and put forward
possible methods to solve them. Simultaneously, we point out the neglected
aspects of the air injection process and open the way toward fresh
thinking for its technical application. And finally, we propose promising
perspectives for future work for improving the performance of air
injection and its wide application.