1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0360-1285(98)00026-4
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Combustion-chamber crevices: the major source of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions under fully warmed conditions

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Cited by 131 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…The key emissions of concern are: oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) [104-107], particulate matter (PM or soot) [108][109][110], unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) [105,111,112] or oxygenates such as aldehydes [3,22,86,113], and carbon monoxide (CO) [3,105,113,114]. Nitrogen dioxide readily forms from nitric oxide in the atmosphere and causes respiratory problems, can react with ammonia and moisture to create small particles that can cause or aggravate respiratory disease and heart disease, and can react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as UHCs, to form ground-level ozone [104].…”
Section: Combustion and Emissions Properties Of Advanced Transportatimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The key emissions of concern are: oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) [104-107], particulate matter (PM or soot) [108][109][110], unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) [105,111,112] or oxygenates such as aldehydes [3,22,86,113], and carbon monoxide (CO) [3,105,113,114]. Nitrogen dioxide readily forms from nitric oxide in the atmosphere and causes respiratory problems, can react with ammonia and moisture to create small particles that can cause or aggravate respiratory disease and heart disease, and can react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as UHCs, to form ground-level ozone [104].…”
Section: Combustion and Emissions Properties Of Advanced Transportatimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following Alkidas (1999), the mass ratio of crevice gas to total combustion chamber gas is about 7% for a part load engine condition. He concluded, after extensive literature review, that in the case of no propagating flame into the crevice the engine-out HC emissions are linearly related to top-land radial clearances.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The behavior of unburned HCs on the combustion chamber wall was investigated with using a high speed gas sampling technique during the expansion and exhaust processes [2]. A. C. Alkidas [3] reviewed the studies investigating sources as combustion chamber crevices and reducing techniques of HC emissions. The researcher concluded that combustion and flow field inside the combustion chamber effect the burned gas concentration in the crevices strongly [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A. C. Alkidas [3] reviewed the studies investigating sources as combustion chamber crevices and reducing techniques of HC emissions. The researcher concluded that combustion and flow field inside the combustion chamber effect the burned gas concentration in the crevices strongly [3]. Effect of fuel composition in spark ignition engine is an important parameter to reduce hydrocarbon emissions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%