Combustion Improvement of CNG Engines by Hydrogen Addition

Michikawauchi, Ryo; Tanno, Shiro; Ito, Yasushi; Kanda, Mutsumi; Kawauchi, Masato

doi:10.4271/2011-01-1996

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…MAN Energy Solutions is developing a fuel-flexible ammonia engine and intends to attain the gradual rebuild of existing maritime engines to allow ammonia as complementary fuel [50]. Toyota presented the GT-89R Marangoni fitted with an ammonia engine system at the Geneva Motor Show of 2013 [51], and the company counts with several patents regarding the ammonia engine and hydrogen generator associated with the engine [52,53]. Recently, the Toyota Corporation presented an ammonia engine suitable for passenger cars developed in collaboration with the Chinese car manufacturer GAC [54].…”

Section: Return Of Ammonia As Alternative Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Can be Currently Considered as one of the Best Green Energy Ally

González,

Gómez

2024

Preprint

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Ammonia can be considered a relevant compound in the future energy sector, playing a significant role as an energy carrier, storage, or carbon-free fuel. However, the production of this molecule has a high energy demand, and the use of natural gas, which is not free of controversy due to the accidental leakage into the atmosphere produced during extraction and the fact that it is a non-renewable source, contributes to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing the process’s energy demand and carbon footprint will be essential to making ammonia a clear alternative for a carbon-free economy. Given the vast experience in ammonia production and handling, this gas seems to be the logical step forward in the evolution of the energy sector. However, the current uncertainty in the global market requires cautiousness in decision-making. Several factors may impact economic growth and human welfare, thus needing a careful assessment before taking any transcendental decisions that could affect worldwide energy prices and raw material availability.

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Section: Return Of Ammonia As Alternative Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Can be Currently Considered as one of the Best Green Energy Ally

González,

Gómez

2024

Preprint

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“…NH 3(ads) -N (ads) + 3H (ads) (5) Mn (s) + xN (ads) -MnN x(s) (6) 2H (ads) -H 2(g) (7) Reaction (3) can similarly be split into the following, where reactions ( 4) and ( 5) are replaced by:…”

Section: Possible Nitriding Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a feedstock for fertilisers, ammonia is one of the most globally significant synthetic chemicals industrially with approximately 170 megatonnes produced per year via the Haber-Bosch process. 1 Ammonia also has excellent potential as a clean chemical energy store [2][3][4] since only water and nitrogen gas are produced on reaction with oxygen (either via combustion 5 or in a fuel cell [6][7][8] ). Other desirable properties include a specific energy of 5.2-6.2 kW h kg À1 (depending on whether water is produced as gas or liquid) and straightforward storage as a liquid at 10 bar and room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutron diffraction and gravimetric study of the manganese nitriding reaction under ammonia decomposition conditions

Wood

Makepeace

David

2018

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Manganese and its nitrides have recently been shown to co-catalyse the ammonia decomposition reaction. The nitriding reaction of manganese under ammonia decomposition conditions is studied in situ simultaneously by thermogravimetric analysis and neutron diffraction. Combining these complementary measurements has yielded information on the rate of manganese nitriding as well as the elucidation of a gamut of different manganese nitride phases. The neutron diffraction background was shown to be related to the extent of the ammonia decomposition and therefore the gas composition. From this and the sample mass, implications about the rate-limiting steps for nitriding by ammonia and nitriding by nitrogen are discussed.

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“…For natural gas engines, adding hydrogen could significantly reduce CO and HC emissions, as well as enhance thermal efficiency at specific operating conditions [6,7]. Moreover, under lean combustion conditions, adding hydrogen can effectively increase the lean combustion limitation of the engine, thus reducing NO X emissions and achieving higher thermal efficiency owing to a higher excess air ratio [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

Wang,

Zhou,

Guan

et al. 2023

Energies

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Due to the issues of low flame speed and high CH4 emissions for a natural gas engine, investigations into the partial oxidation fuel reforming (POFR) method used in natural gas engines to blend H2 have become increasingly valuable. In this paper, the combustion process, engine performance, and emissions of a natural gas engine with fuel-reforming gases blended together have been numerically studied. The results show that a higher fuel-reforming ratio can effectively improve the engine combustion performance, especially at lean-burn conditions. Combustion with reformed gases can increase the thermal efficiency by almost 2% at the full-load condition, whereas fuel reforming significantly affects the natural gas engine’s power performance. Furthermore, CH4 and NOX emissions decrease significantly with increasing fuel-reforming ratio. In conclusion, fuel reforming for a natural gas engine has a promising future in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving economic performance.

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Combustion Improvement of CNG Engines by Hydrogen Addition

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Ammonia Can be Currently Considered as one of the Best Green Energy Ally

Ammonia Can be Currently Considered as one of the Best Green Energy Ally

Neutron diffraction and gravimetric study of the manganese nitriding reaction under ammonia decomposition conditions

Numerical Study on the Effects of Partial Oxidation Fuel Reforming (POFR) on the Performance of a Natural Gas Engine

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