Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate monopropellant: Role of heat loss

Kumar, Navneet; Vijay, Chaitanya; Ingole, Mahesh; Ramakrishna, P. A.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.08.004

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Burn rates of the propellants were measured using a standard setup known as the Crawford bomb. The schematic of the Crawford bomb is shown in Figure 2, similar to the one reported in the literature [27][28][29].…”

Section: Burn Rate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 74%

Binder melt: Composite propellants with RDX**

Nagendra,

Ramakrishna,

Sangtyani

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The binder melt on the surface of aluminized composite propellants with RDX has been quantified using experimental and computational approaches. A scanning electron microscope in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface of unburnt and extinguished propellant samples. Rapid depressurization technique was used to obtain the extinguished propellants. Five propellants were prepared, keeping the aluminum and binder fraction constant at 4 % and 16 %, respectively. The RDX fraction in the propellants was varied from 3 % to 12 %. It was found that the melt on the surface of the propellant increased from 36.7 % to 43.9 % when the RDX fraction was changed from 3 % to 12 % in the propellant. For propellants containing 3 % to 9 % RDX, a region of plateau burning was observed in the pressure range of 5–7 MPa, while propellants containing 12 % RDX showed plateau burning between 7–10 MPa.

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Section: Burn Rate Measurementmentioning

confidence: 74%

Binder melt: Composite propellants with RDX**

Nagendra,

Ramakrishna,

Sangtyani

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Many researchers now agree that 70-90% of the heat from the propellant is released in the condensed phase region, at least up to 10-20 atm pressure [8]. It can be observed from the literature [14][15][16][17][18][19] that wherever the condensed phase is modeled as a global one-step reaction at the surface, the burn rate is linked to the surface temperature using the Arrhenius equation. The general form of the Arrhenius-type pyrolysis law is as follows:…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Rapid Pyrolysis of Ammonium Perchlorate

Phadkea,

Sahaa,

Patel

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer

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A laser pyrolyser setup is developed to achieve isothermal conditions using a heating rate of up to ~10 5 º C.s -1 for rapid pyrolysis of a sample. It provides mechanistic information about the decomposition behavior of the sample during combustion, typically in the condensed phase. Data about the kinetics of chemical reactions occurring in the condensed phase during combustion is not derived from ab initio techniques, but rather by fitting the variation of linear burning rate with pressure with appropriate kinetic parameters. This leads to a wide variation of chemical kinetic parameters governing the decomposition of the same solid propellant ingredient, such as the commonly used oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate (AP). Therefore, the laser pyrolyser/Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the rapid pyrolysis of AP at 1 bar. The concentration profiles of the evolved gases were used to develop the global reaction mechanism. The global reaction mechanism was found as follows: 𝑁𝐻 4 𝐶𝑙𝑂 4 → 1.09 𝐻 2 𝑂 + 0.06 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3 + 0.56 𝑁𝑂 2 + 0.18 𝑁 2 𝑂 + 0.5 𝐶𝑙 2 + 0.71 𝑂 2 + 0.88 𝐻 2 with kinetic parameters as pre-exponential factor (A) = 6.6x10 7 s -1 , activation energy (Ea) = 108 kJ.mol -1 . Kinetic parameters of the same AP from thermogravimetric analysis are A = 5.6 x 10 5 s -1 , and Ea = 100 kJ.mol -1 . This suggests that kinetic parameters obtained from slow heating experiments predict a reaction rate significantly lower than that observed under high heating rates. Therefore, the raw data generated from rapid pyrolysis would be useful to develop detailed chemical reaction mechanisms for the chosen ingredients which would further improve the fidelity of the solid propellant combustion models.

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“…Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is an excellent oxidizer with a high effective oxygen content, good thermal stability, and chemical stability, and it has been widely used in composite solid propellants, accounting for about 60–90% of the system. − Relevant studies have shown that the energy output of propellant systems is largely affected by the combustion performance of AP, so it is necessary to improve the combustion performance of AP as much as possible to effectively increase the energy output of the propellant. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Covalently Modified Energetic Graphene Oxide/CuO Composites with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Shao

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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In this study, a new covalently modified energetic graphene oxide (CMGO) was synthesized by introducing the energetic component 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole on GO sheets through valence bond bonding. The morphology and structure of CMGO were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the results showed that CMGO was successfully synthesized. Then, CMGO/CuO was prepared by loading nano-CuO onto CMGO sheets using an ultrasonic dispersion method. Furthermore, the catalytic effect of CMGO/CuO on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetric technique and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the high decomposition temperature T H and Gibbs free energy ΔG ⧧ of the CMGO/CuO/ AP composite decreased by 93.9 °C and 15.3 kJ/mol compared with those of raw AP, respectively. The CMGO/CuO composite exhibited more significant catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP than GO/CuO, and the heat release Q of CMGO/ CuO/AP was greatly increased from 132.9 to 1428.5 J/g with 5 wt % CMGO/CuO. The above results demonstrated that CMGO/ CuO is an excellent composite energetic combustion catalyst, which is expected to be widely used in composite propellants.

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Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate monopropellant: Role of heat loss

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Binder melt: Composite propellants with RDX**

Binder melt: Composite propellants with RDX**

Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Rapid Pyrolysis of Ammonium Perchlorate

Synthesis of Covalently Modified Energetic Graphene Oxide/CuO Composites with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

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