Combustion of Biogas Released from Palm Oil Mill Effluent and the Effects of Hydrogen Enrichment on the Characteristics of the Biogas Flame

Abstract

Biogas released from palm oil mill effluent (POME) could be a source of air pollution, which has illustrated negative effects on the global warming. To protect the environment from toxic emissions and use the energy of POME biogas, POME is conducted to the closed digestion systems and released biogas is captured. Since POME biogas upgrading is a complicated process, it is not economical and thus new combustion techniques should be examined. In this paper, POME biogas (40% CO2and 60% CH4) has been utilized as a fuel in a lab-scale furnace. A computational approach by standardk-εcombustion and turbulence model is applied. Hydrogen is added to the biogas components and the impacts of hydrogen enrichment on the temperature distribution, flame stability, and pollutant formation are studied. The results confirm that adding hydrogen to the POME biogas content could improve low calorific value (LCV) of biogas and increases the stability of the POME biogas flame. Indeed, the biogas flame length rises and distribution of the temperature within the chamber is uniform when hydrogen is added to the POME biogas composition. Compared to the pure biogas combustion, thermal NOxformation increases in hydrogen-enriched POME biogas combustion due to the enhancement of the furnace temperature.

The Utilisation of Palm Oil and Oil Palm Residues and the Related Challenges as a Sustainable Alternative in Biofuel, Bioenergy, and Transportation Sector: A Review

“…However, the principal matter that constrain the production is the complexity of the overall production, which elevates the cost of the biogas. Hosseini et al [128] introduced H 2 with POME biogas, which visibly stretches the formation of flame and improved the low calorific biogas nature by increasing the percentage of H 2 from 5 to 10%. The only drawback of this method is that it produces NO X , enhanced via the temperature [128].…”

“…Hosseini et al [128] introduced H 2 with POME biogas, which visibly stretches the formation of flame and improved the low calorific biogas nature by increasing the percentage of H 2 from 5 to 10%. The only drawback of this method is that it produces NO X , enhanced via the temperature [128]. Bukhari et al identified that cofiring of biogas in palm oil mill boilers could potentially reduce the formation of PM by up to 50% and provide fuel saving by up to 80-90% [129].…”

Analysis of Product and Temperature of Biogas Combustion in Various Air Biogas Equivalence Ratio and Methane Content

“…The temperature and composition of combustion product gases are also important parameters in equipment design of biogas system. Previous researches had studied the combustion characteristic of biogas, many researchers studied the combustion performance of biogas in internal combustion SI and CI engine [8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the characteristics in microgas turbine [21][22][23] and also specifically on the characteristics in biogas burner [5,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Largely, the previous researches of combustion in biogas burner were done in a certain methane content of biogas, i.e.…”

“…Largely, the previous researches of combustion in biogas burner were done in a certain methane content of biogas, i.e. 40% [29], 51% [31], 60% [5,[27][28][29], 61% [29][30], and also 100% [29]. The burners used were burner for gas turbine configuration [30], MILD or flameless burner [28], and lab scale furnace [27].…”

“…40% [29], 51% [31], 60% [5,[27][28][29], 61% [29][30], and also 100% [29]. The burners used were burner for gas turbine configuration [30], MILD or flameless burner [28], and lab scale furnace [27]. The thermal and chemical characteristics of conventional counter flow diffusion flame of biogas for methane content 100, 60, 61 and 40% have been studied [29].…”