Combustion of C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> PFAS: Kinetic modeling and experiments

Krug, Jonathan; Lemieux, Paul; Lee, Chun-Wai; Ryan, Jeffrey V.; Kariher, Peter H.; Shields, Erin P.; Wickersham, Lindsay; Denison, Martin; Davis, Kevin; Swensen, Dave; Burnette, R. Preston; Wendt, Jost O.L.; Linak, William P.

doi:10.1080/10962247.2021.2021317

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…One of the leading methods is through the thermal treatment of PFAS. This method has seen positive results, with the USEPA “Rainbow furnace” being considered successful in treating CHF 3 and C 2 F 6 . Furthermore, with thermal desorption plants being built or currently running, such as the EarthSure facility, it is instrumental that we understand at a more fundamental level the thermal decomposition of PFAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Weber

Delva

Stockenhuber

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The thermal decomposition of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was studied in an α-alumina reactor between 500 and 1000 °C using helium as a carrier gas. In addition to He carrier gas and between 150 and 300 ppm of PFOS, the effect of water vapor (H2O(g)) at two different concentrations (1700 and 10,000 ppm) on the reaction was examined. The main products, at both 1700 and 10,000 ppm of H2O(g), were HF, C2F4, CO, and SO2. Moreover, as the reaction temperature increased, an increase in the concentration of HF and CO was observed, concomitant with a decrease in the fluorocarbon concentration. Additionally, the α-alumina reactor was observed to have reduced surface activity in the presence of water vapor. Quantum chemical calculations, performed at the G4MP2 level of theory combined with a chemical kinetic model, were used to understand the influence that water vapor and OH radicals have on the CF2 and CF3 radicals that are present. It was found that at temperatures above 850 °C in 10,000 ppm of water vapor, there is a substantial decrease in the fluorocarbon concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Weber

Delva

Stockenhuber

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…As far as we know, only preliminary work has been completed on the Rainbow Furnace in the USEPA’s Remediation Target Area facilities focusing on C 1 and C 2 PFAS; however, no experimental study has yet been undertaken to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of PFOS. Here, we identify and quantify the decomposition products at various temperatures and residence times and measure the rate constant for the initial decomposition of PFOS from the rates of formation of HF and SO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Decomposition of PFOS Relevant to Thermal Desorption Remediation of Soils

Weber

Stockenhuber

Delva

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Kinetics of pyrolysis of the pollutant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in inert bath gases have been studied in two flow reactors constructed of α-alumina and of stainless steel (SS) at temperatures between 400 and 615 °C. Results from the SS reactor give support to previous and our own quantum chemical calculations based on smaller perfluorinated sulfonates, according to which initiation of decomposition of PFOS first takes place by elimination of HF to form an unstable α-sultone with a rate constant, k 1 . The sultone then rapidly liberates SO 2 and forms perfluorooctanoyl fluoride with a rate constant, k 2 with k 2 ≫ k 1 such that the overall rate constant k′ ≈ k 1 . Products observed from both reactors in the above temperature range comprised HF, SO 2 , and perfluorooctanoyl fluoride. The value of the rate constant for the formation of HF and SO 2 measured in the SS reactor was found to be k 1 = (1.3 ± 0.5) × 10 14 exp(−253 ± 5 kJ/mol/RT) s −1 .

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“…Biodegradation was shown only in specific cases of co-metabolism [ 17 , 18 ]. Therefore, the destruction or removal of PFAS is mainly based on high-energy incineration [ 19 ] or advanced oxidation processes, e.g., electrochemical oxidation, microwave treatment, photocatalytic degradation [ 20 , 21 ], pyrolysis, plasma-based treatment [ 22 ], and sonochemical reactions [ 23 ] ( Figure 1 ). As PFAS degradation techniques are energy extensive, they are relatively expensive, especially considering the large volume and high flow rate of wastewater and groundwater requiring treatment.…”

Section: Background On Pfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

Das

Ronen

2022

Membranes

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals consisting of thousands of individual species. PFAS consists of a fully or partly fluorinated carbon–fluorine bond, which is hard to break and requires a high amount of energy (536 kJ/mole). Resulting from their unique hydrophobic/oleophobic nature and their chemical and mechanical stability, they are highly resistant to thermal, chemical, and biological degradation. PFAS have been used extensively worldwide since the 1940s in various products such as non-stick household items, food-packaging, cosmetics, electronics, and firefighting foams. Exposure to PFAS may lead to health issues such as hormonal imbalances, a compromised immune system, cancer, fertility disorders, and adverse effects on fetal growth and learning ability in children. To date, very few novel membrane approaches have been reported effective in removing and destroying PFAS. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of PFAS treatment and removal approaches by membrane separation systems. We discuss recently reported novel and effective membrane techniques for PFAS separation and include a detailed discussion of parameters affecting PFAS membrane separation and destruction. Moreover, an estimation of cost analysis is also included for each treatment technology. Additionally, since the PFAS treatment technology is still growing, we have incorporated several future directions for efficient PFAS treatment.

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Combustion of C₁ and C₂ PFAS: Kinetic modeling and experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Kinetics of Decomposition of PFOS Relevant to Thermal Desorption Remediation of Soils

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

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Combustion of C1 and C2 PFAS: Kinetic modeling and experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Thermal Decomposition of Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) in the Presence of Water Vapor

Kinetics of Decomposition of PFOS Relevant to Thermal Desorption Remediation of Soils

A Review on Removal and Destruction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Novel Membranes

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Product

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About

Combustion of C₁ and C₂ PFAS: Kinetic modeling and experiments