Combustion performance of hydrogen in a small gas turbine combustor

Sampath, P.; Shum, F.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(85)90172-7

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pratt and Whitney Canada tested two liquid fired can combustors in laboratory bench tests with hydrogen. 5 This work extended that done by Nomura by elevating the pressure of the combustors up to 1.0MPa. For each combustor liner two different types of injectors were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Analysis of NOx Formation in a Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbine Engine

Therkelsen

Werts

McDonell

et al. 2009

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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A commercially available natural gas fueled gas turbine engine was operated on hydrogen. Three sets of fuel injectors were developed to facilitate stable operation while generating differing levels of fuel∕air premixing. One set was designed to produce near uniform mixing while the others have differing degrees of nonuniformity. The emission performance of the engine over its full range of loads is characterized for each of the injector sets. In addition, the performance is also assessed for the set with near uniform mixing as operated on natural gas. The results show that improved mixing and lower equivalence ratio decrease NO emission levels as expected. However, even with nearly perfect premixing, it is found that the engine, when operated on hydrogen, produces a higher amount of NO than when operated with natural gas. Much of this attributed to the higher equivalence ratios that the engine operates on when firing hydrogen. However, even the lowest equivalence ratios run at low power conditions, higher NO was observed. Analysis of the potential NO formation effects of residence time, kinetic pathways of NO production via NNH, and the kinetics of the dilute combustion strategy used are evaluated. While no one mechanism appears to explain the reasons for the higher NO, it is concluded that each may be contributing to the higher NO emissions observed with hydrogen. In the present configuration with the commercial control system operating normally, it is evident that system level effects are also contributing to the observed NO emission differences between hydrogen and natural gas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Though the increase of NO emission from a retrofitted gas turbine is consistent with historical work 3,5 an understanding of why an increase is seen is desired. In the present case, two different issues are noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Analysis of NOx Formation in a Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbine Engine

Therkelsen

Werts

McDonell

et al. 2009

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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“…Most of these previous works have focused on non-premixed combustion systems (Conrad and Corrington 1957;Nomura, Tamaki et al 1981;Sampath and Shum 1985;Tomczak, Benelli et al 2002;Juste 2006;Cocchi, Provenzale et al 2008;Cocchi and Sigali 2010). Some work with regard to the operation of premixed systems on high hydrogen content fuels has also been carried out (Minakawa, Miyajima et al 1997;Farina, Perry et al 2009;Perry, Farina et al 2009;Therkelsen, Werts et al 2009).…”

Section: Engine Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the fact that the NOx emissions do not increase as hydrogen is added does not agree with those trends from the PSR simulations. It should also be noted here that several publications contain experimental data showing an increase in NOx as hydrogen is added to natural gas (or another baseline fuel) (Tomczak, Benelli et al 2002;Juste 2006;Cocchi, Provenzale et al 2008) or substituted for the original fuel (Nomura, Tamaki et al 1981;Sampath and Shum 1985;Therkelsen, Werts et al 2009). However, other publications show experimental data with sub 1 ppm NOx measurements after several design modifications (Minakawa, Miyajima et al 1997;Farina, Perry et al 2009).…”

Section: Measurements and Single Perfectly Stirred Reactor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Flexible Turbine System (FFTS) Program

None¹

2012

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“…The combustor is the only component of a gas turbine that requires major redesign effort for operation on 100% hydrogen, due to the fuel characteristics [11,12]. However, the use of hydrogen as a fuel is nowadays limited to gas turbines equipped by diffusion flame combustors [13][14][15], where the pure hydrogen supply leads to NOx emissions about three times higher than in the case of natural gas firing [16]. Methods for reducing pollutant emissions are borrowed from those used in diffusive gas turbine combustion chambers supplied by natural gas.…”

Section: Iintroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%