Combustion syntheses for BaTi₄O₉and Pb_xBa₁–_xTi₄O₉

Abstract

BaTi4O9 and PbxBa1−x Ti4O9, where x is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5, have been prepared by a combustion synthesis process. The process starts with spray drying aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, TiO(NO3)2, and β-alanine with appropriate ratios. Combustion reactions occur when heating the spray-dried products to 300 °C, which convert them to BaTi4O9 and PbxBa1−xTi4O9 directly. PbxBa1−xTi4O9 (x ≧ 0.1) are low temperature, metastable phases and have not been reported before. Pb0.5Ba0.5Ti4O9 is unstable above 800 °C and cannot be sintered. All PbxBa1−xTi4O9 compositions will decompose by 1300 °C, the temperature for solid state synthesis of BaTi4O9. Single-phase PbxBa1−xTi4O9 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), however, have been sintered at relatively lower temperatures.

Fabrication of (Ba1−xSrx)(ZrxTi1−x)O3ceramics prepared using the combustion technique

“…The pure phase was obtained at a 1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. calcination temperature over 1350 • C and a maximum density of around 5.42-5.64 g cm −3 was found from the sample sintered at over 1500 • C. Recently, the combustion technique has become an attractive technique for synthesizing different oxides, such as BaTiO 3 [10], BaZrO 3 [11], SrZrO 3 [12], CaZrO 3 [13]. This technique involves a self-sustained reaction between the reactive materials and the fuel (e.g.…”

The effects of incomplete combustion on Ba2Ti9O20 phase formation in a citrate solution combustion method

“…A series of multicomponent oxides have been prepared through the citrate solution combustion (CSC) routes [15][16][17][18].…”

Citrate solution combustion derived Ba2Ti9O20 ceramics

“…The method utilizes the in-built exothermicity of combustion of the reaction system to synthesize the ultrafine ceramic precursor powders, and it has been used for the synthesis of nanosized barium titanate powder, BaTi 4 O 9 and Pb x Ba 1−x Ti 4 O 9 ceramic precursor powders. 14,15 Also it has proved to be effective for obtaining metal oxides with fine particles.…”