Come together: calibration of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) microsatellite databases for investigating global population structure and assignment of historical specimens

Sort, Matilde; Manuzzi, Alice; Jiménez‐Mena, Belén; Ovenden, Jennifer R.; Holmes, Bonnie J.; Bernard, Andrea M.; Shivji, Mahmood S.; Meldrup, Dorte; Bennett, M. B.; Nielsen, Einar Eg

doi:10.1007/s12686-021-01197-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Despite possible sampling-associated uncertainties, the observed patterns of temporal genetic divergence are clear. Firstly, our results based on contemporary samples are consistent with two recent studies that detected a single genetic population off the Australian east coast 28 , 29 and are also compatible with the present understanding of population structure in the Indo-Pacific 29 , 30 . Secondly, the presence of the two identified cryptic groups was not random in space and time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, there is still a lack of adequate spatially resolved data to understand regional population trends of tiger sharks as they are commonly caught in unreported fisheries. Current assessments of the tiger shark population structure have been based on microsatellite and mitochondrial genetic markers, and have demonstrated a clear inter-basin genetic split between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans, but a general lack of intra-basin population structuring 28 – 30 . Although this may be a true biological characteristic of the species, it could also reflect analytical challenges related to obtaining sufficient samples with good spatial coverage and the application of low-resolution genetic markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective genomics highlights changes in genetic composition of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and potential loss of a south-eastern Australia population

Manuzzi

Jiménez‐Mena

Henriques

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Over the last century, many shark populations have declined, primarily due to overexploitation in commercial, artisanal and recreational fisheries. In addition, in some locations the use of shark control programs also has had an impact on shark numbers. Still, there is a general perception that populations of large ocean predators cover wide areas and therefore their diversity is less susceptible to local anthropogenic disturbance. Here we report on temporal genomic analyses of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) DNA samples that were collected from eastern Australia over the past century. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) loci, we documented a significant change in genetic composition of tiger sharks born between ~1939 and 2015. The change was most likely due to a shift over time in the relative contribution of two well-differentiated, but hitherto cryptic populations. Our data strongly indicate a dramatic shift in the relative contribution of these two populations to the overall tiger shark abundance on the east coast of Australia, possibly associated with differences in direct or indirect exploitation rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective genomics highlights changes in genetic composition of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and potential loss of a south-eastern Australia population

Manuzzi

Jiménez‐Mena

Henriques

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Genetic tools are paramount in unveiling population structure, through parameters such as genetic drift, mutation, and selection ( Holmes et al, 2017 ) and genetic connectivity dynamics, also allowing for historical samples to be genotyped and assigned back to their population of origin ( Sort et al, 2021 ). In fact, knowledge in this regard for many large-bodied, highly migratory, apex predator sharks across their global ranges are still very limited ( Bernard et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters

Balanin

Hauser‐Davis

Giareta

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has been relatively well assessed concerning biology and ecology aspects in both Atlantic and Pacific North America and in Caribbean waters. The amount of data in these regions has led to the species protection under capture quotas and with the creation of sanctuaries. The reality in developing countries, however, is the exact opposite, with scarce information on the species in the southern hemisphere, namely South American and African waters. In these regions, protection measures are insufficient, and studies on tiger shark biology and ecology are scarce, significantly hindering conservation and management efforts. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile scientific literature on the tiger shark in the South Atlantic and discuss the impact of these data (or lack thereof) distributed within a total of ten research categories for guiding management plans. In total, 41 scientific publications on different G. cuvier biology and ecology aspects were obtained. The most studied topics were Feeding Ecology (n = 12), followed by Human Interactions (n = 8), and Movements and Migration (n = 7). Northeastern Brazil (Southwest Atlantic) was the most researched area, probably due to the higher coastal abundance of tiger sharks in this area, alongside a high number of recorded attacks, justifying funding for studies in the region. No studies carried out in other South American or African countries were found. It is important to mention that even though some research topics are relatively well covered, a severe knowledge gap is noted for risk assessments and fisheries management, with a proposition for the implementation of sanctuaries noted. This is, however, particularly worrisome, as the South Atlantic is mostly unexplored in this regard for tiger sharks. It is also important to note how different the attention given to this species is in the North Atlantic when compared to the South region. Lastly, we highlight that the existence of sub-populations, the lack of migratory corridors geographically connecting distinct areas used by the species, and the lack of fisheries statistics on tiger shark landings, all increase the vulnerability of this species in the South Atlantic.

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“…SNP data had low error rates and were suitable for finding genetic differentiation. However, a recent study of the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier , with microsatellites revealed differentiation between populations from the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific including contemporary and archival samples [ 215 ].…”

Section: Genetic Structure Of Wild Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellites as Molecular Markers with Applications in Exploitation and Conservation of Aquatic Animal Populations

Wenne

2023

Genes

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A large number of species and taxa has been studied for genetic polymorphism. Microsatellites have been known as hypervariable neutral molecular markers with the highest resolution power in comparison with any other markers. However, the discovery of a new type of molecular marker—single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has put the existing applications of microsatellites to the test. To ensure good resolution power in studies of populations and individuals, a number of microsatellite loci from 14 to 20 was often used, which corresponds to about 200 independent alleles. Recently, these numbers have tended to be increased by the application of genomic sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and the choice of the most informative loci for genotyping depends on the aims of research. Examples of successful applications of microsatellite molecular markers in aquaculture, fisheries, and conservation genetics in comparison with SNPs have been summarized in this review. Microsatellites can be considered superior markers in such topics as kinship and parentage analysis in cultured and natural populations, the assessment of gynogenesis, androgenesis and ploidization. Microsatellites can be coupled with SNPs for mapping QTL. Microsatellites will continue to be used in research on genetic diversity in cultured stocks, and also in natural populations as an economically advantageous genotyping technique.

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Come together: calibration of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) microsatellite databases for investigating global population structure and assignment of historical specimens

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Retrospective genomics highlights changes in genetic composition of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and potential loss of a south-eastern Australia population

Retrospective genomics highlights changes in genetic composition of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and potential loss of a south-eastern Australia population

Almost nothing is known about the tiger shark in South Atlantic waters

Microsatellites as Molecular Markers with Applications in Exploitation and Conservation of Aquatic Animal Populations

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