Comfortably Numb

Mason, Tyler B.; Lavender, Jason M.; Wonderlich, Stephen A.; Steiger, Howard; Cao, Li; Engel, Scott G.; Mitchell, James E.; Crosby, Ross D.

doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000658

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While some studies have found that NA temporarily decreases during LOC ( 100 , 101 ), an equal number have found that NA remains constant or increases across LOC ( 102 , 103 ). One study suggests that people with greater overall dissociative tendencies experience more rapid decreases in NA after LOC ( 87 ). However, Mason et al ( 87 ) did not examine emotions or dissociation during LOC itself, and it therefore remains unclear whether a dissociative experience during LOC may temporarily reduce NA, as predicted by escape theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study suggests that people with greater overall dissociative tendencies experience more rapid decreases in NA after LOC ( 87 ). However, Mason et al ( 87 ) did not examine emotions or dissociation during LOC itself, and it therefore remains unclear whether a dissociative experience during LOC may temporarily reduce NA, as predicted by escape theory. Rather than replacing more aversive negative emotions with less unpleasant ones, LOC seems most likely to decrease low arousal negative emotions (e.g., boredom) and increase high arousal emotions that may be more distressing (e.g., guilt, anger at self) ( 101 , 104 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Designs that have measured NA immediately before and after LOC eating have consistently found that NA is greater after LOC than before LOC (76)(77)(78)(79)94). While NA begins to decrease in the hours following LOC (e.g., (64,(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)87)], research has often found that it remains elevated over baseline (64,65,90), and that LOC on 1 day tends to predict higher NA on the next (30,31). Purging after LOC may decrease NA, but only to levels observed before LOC (102,104).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to research examining absolute levels of NA before and after LOC, 15 out of 17 studies found that NA was on an increasing trajectory prior to LOC, but a decreasing trajectory following LOC. Decreasing NA in the hours following LOC has been found in women with threshold or subthreshold BN (64,(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87), women with comorbid BN and borderline personality disorder (88), women with threshold or subthreshold AN (64,65,81,89), men and women with BED (90,91), and obese adults with no history of AN or BN (92).…”

Section: Studies Examining Trajectories Of Na Before and After Locmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

Mikhail

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Loss of control eating is a core, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with psychological distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. However, the factors that contribute to persistent loss of control eating despite negative consequences are not fully understood. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain loss of control eating is crucial to advance treatments that interrupt these processes. Affect regulation models of loss of control eating hypothesize that negative emotions trigger loss of control eating, and that loss of control eating is negatively reinforced because it temporarily decreases negative affect. Several variations on this basic affect regulation model have been proposed, including theories suggesting that negative affect decreases during loss of control eating rather than afterwards (escape theory), and that loss of control eating replaces one negative emotion with another that is less aversive (trade-off theory). Experience sampling designs that measure negative affect and eating behavior multiple times per day are optimally suited to examining the nuanced predictions of these affect regulation models in people's everyday lives. This paper critically reviews experience sampling studies examining associations between negative affect and loss of control eating, and discusses the implications for different affect regulation models of loss of control eating. The review concludes by proposing an expanded affect-focused model of loss of control eating that incorporates trait-level individual differences and momentary biological and environmental variables to guide future research. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Examining Trajectories Of Na Before and After Locmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

Mikhail

2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Despite many studies focusing on the relationship between trauma and dissociation in EDs (McShane & Zirkel, 2008;Oliosi & Dalle Grave, 2003;Vanderlinden, Spinhoven, Vandereycken, & van Dyck, 1995;, especially in relation to the bulimic symptoms (Cowan & Heselmeyer, 2011;La Mela, Maglietta, Castellini, Amoroso, & Lucarelli, 2010;Mason et al, 2017;Palmisano et al, 2018;Rodriguez-Srednicki, 2002), a thorough evaluation of the scientific literature showed that few data exist about this relationship in BED. Indeed, only two studies (Dalle Grave, Oliosi, Todisco, & Vanderlinden, 1997;Dalle Grave, Rigamonti, Todisco, & Oliosi, 1996) highlighted that BED subjects had higher scores of traumatic experiences and dissociation compared with OB non-BED subjects and healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma and dissociation in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder: A case – control study

et al. 2018

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The aim of the current study is to evaluate the presence of childhood trauma, psychological and somatoform dissociation in obese (OB) and overweight patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED). In total, 34 patients with BED diagnosis were compared with a sex, age and social class matched sample of 34 OB patients without diagnosis of BED and with a control sample consisting of 34 healthy people (NC) with normal weight. Traumatic experiences were assessed by means of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist. Psychoform and somatoform dissociation were assessed respectively by means of the Dissociation Questionnaire and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. BED patients reported significantly more childhood traumatic experiences, psychological and somatoform dissociation, compared to OB patients and NC sample. Moreover, OB patients showed more traumatic experiences compared to the NC sample. BED patients showed higher levels of childhood neglect and emotional abuse compared to the OB patients and NC sample. No significant differences were shown between OB patients and NC

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Treatment outcomes of psychotherapy for binge‐eating disorder in a randomized controlled trial: Examining the roles of childhood abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder

Hazzard

Crosby

Crow

et al. 2021

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective To examine childhood abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as predictors and moderators of binge‐eating disorder (BED) treatment outcomes in a randomized controlled trial comparing Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy with cognitive‐behavioural therapy administered using guided self‐help. Method In 112 adults with BED, childhood abuse was defined as any moderate/severe abuse as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, lifetime PTSD was assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV, and outcomes were assessed via the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Covariate‐adjusted regression models predicting binge‐eating frequency and EDE global scores at end of treatment and 6‐month follow‐up were conducted. Results Lifetime PTSD predicted greater binge‐eating frequency at end of treatment (B = 1.32, p = 0.009) and childhood abuse predicted greater binge‐eating frequency at follow‐up (B = 1.00, p = 0.001). Lifetime PTSD moderated the association between childhood abuse and binge‐eating frequency at follow‐up (B = 2.98, p = 0.009), such that childhood abuse predicted greater binge‐eating frequency among participants with a history of PTSD (B = 3.30, p = 0.001) but not among those without a PTSD history (B = 0.31, p = 0.42). No associations with EDE global scores or interactions with treatment group were observed. Conclusions Results suggest that a traumatic event history may hinder treatment success and that PTSD may be more influential than the trauma exposure itself.

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Comfortably Numb

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

Trauma and dissociation in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder: A case – control study

Treatment outcomes of psychotherapy for binge‐eating disorder in a randomized controlled trial: Examining the roles of childhood abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder

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