“…Although there have been attempts to address similar problems such as cross-view localization (Castaldo et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2018;Liu and Li, 2019) (i.e. localization on an over-view image given a ground-view) and cross-view synthesis (Regmi and Borji, 2018;Zhai et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2020;Toker et al, 2021) (simulating over-view using ground-view or vice versa), robust cross-view data co-registration appears to be more challenging and has not yet been well investigated. In general, coregistration of such over-view and street-view data encounters three major challenges:…”