Coming out in America: AIDS, Politics, and Cultural Change

Fernández, Raquel; Parsa, Sahar; Viarengo, Martina

doi:10.3386/w25697

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Aldashev et al (2012) show that legal reforms can influence social norms, not least in the area of family life, suggesting that cultural variables can be shaped by formal institutions. Lastly, Fernández et al (2019) find evidence that political rhetoric, policy decisions and the prevalence of AIDS encouraged more favorable attitudes towards gay people in the United States. It demonstrates the malleability of values and attitudes like tolerance.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework Previous Literature and Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roots of tolerance among second-generation immigrants

Berggren

Ljunge

Nilsson

2019

Journal of Institutional Economics

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Tolerance – respecting individual choice and differences among people – is a prominent feature of modern European culture. That immigrants embrace this kind of liberal value is arguably important for integration, a central policy goal. We provide a rigorous study of what factors in the ancestral countries of second-generation immigrants – including formal and informal institutions – predict their level of tolerance towards gay people. Using the epidemiological method allows us to rule out reverse causality. Out of the 46 factors examined, one emerges as very robust: a Muslim ancestral background. Tolerance towards gay people is lower the larger the share of Muslims in the country from which the parents emigrated. An instrumental-variable analysis shows that the main mechanism is not through the individual being a Muslim, but through the individual being highly religious. Two additional attitudes among people in the ancestral country (valuing children being tolerant and respectful, and valuing children taking responsibility), as well as impartial institutions in the ancestral country, predict higher individual tolerance. Our findings thus point to an important role for both formal- and informal-institutional background factors in shaping tolerance.

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Section: Theoretical Framework Previous Literature and Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roots of tolerance among second-generation immigrants

Berggren

Ljunge

Nilsson

2019

Journal of Institutional Economics

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“…Socialist East Germany (GDR) strongly encouraged mothers to participate in the labor market, whereas capitalist West Germany (FRG) propagated a more traditional male breadwinner-model. Gender norms and female labor supply, particularly at early motherhood, diverged strongly between East and West during 1 Two broad lines of reasoning have been put forward to explain why cultural change occurs: instability in a given environment and economic pressure (e. g., Giuliano and Nunn 2019;Cardoso and Morin 2018) and new information (e. g., Fernández 2013, Fernández, Parsa, and Viarengo 2019, Bursztyn, González, and Yanagizawa-Drott 2018. 2 Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales (2006, 23) stress the persistence of culture by defining the latter as "those customary beliefs and values that ethnic, religious, and social groups transmit fairly unchanged from generation to generation."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind of Change? Cultural Determinants of Maternal Labor Supply

2021

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Mit der Reihe "IAB-Discussion Paper" will das Forschungsinstitut der Bundesagentur für Arbeit den Dialog mit der externen Wissenschaft intensivieren. Durch die rasche Verbreitung von Forschungsergebnissen über das Internet soll noch vor Drucklegung Kritik angeregt und Qualität gesichert werden.The "IAB-Discussion Paper" is published by the research institute of the German Federal Employment Agency in order to intensify the dialogue with the scientific community. The prompt publication of the latest research results via the internet intends to stimulate criticism and to ensure research quality at an early stage before printing.

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“…Over the next four decades of the survey, women's voting rates and propensity to identify or vote for a Democrat increased relative to men's by 3, 2, and 7 percentage points, respectively. In terms of preferences, we find a striking increase in the gap in the sexual attitudes index (9 percentage points), which includes more favorable views towards the gay community (Fernández, Parsa, and Viarengo 2019) as well as towards premarital sex. But otherwise, the changes are minor, with inconsistent signs.…”

Section: The Sex Gap In Issue Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 85%

A Century of the American Woman Voter: Sex Gaps in Political Participation, Preferences, and Partisanship Since Women's Enfranchisement

Cascio

Shenhav

2020

SSRN Journal

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The November 2020 presidential election will be the twenty-sixth in which American women will have been eligible to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, adopted a century ago this August, entitled women to cast ballots-for many in their first election-on November 2, 1920. Before 1920, 15 states had granted women equal voting rights, and an additional 24 states had granted partial voting rights (Keyssar 2009;Lott and Kenny 1999). The scope of partial voting rights varied widely across states and municipalities, covering local school board elections to the national presidential election. But a constitutional guarantee that sex could not be used as a basis of exclusion from the vote represented the crowning achievement-the "sacred right to the elective franchise," as laid out in the Declaration of Sentiments at the celebrated Seneca Falls convention of 1848.But paradoxically, there was a great deal of speculation back in 1920 that women might not have much political influence even with the right to vote. As the story went, women would be inclined to "duplicate" the male vote, if they turned out at the polls at all. Some argued that any other outcome would be too disruptive to household harmony and also disrespectful of the "separate spheres" that men and women had historically occupied. As late as 1940, pollster George Gallup mused, "How will [women] vote on election day? Just exactly as they were told the

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Coming out in America: AIDS, Politics, and Cultural Change

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Roots of tolerance among second-generation immigrants

Roots of tolerance among second-generation immigrants

Wind of Change? Cultural Determinants of Maternal Labor Supply

A Century of the American Woman Voter: Sex Gaps in Political Participation, Preferences, and Partisanship Since Women's Enfranchisement

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