SummaryGut microbial dysbioses are linked to aberrant immune responses, which are often accompanied by abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines. As part of the Human Functional Genomics * Correspondence: xavier@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu (R.J.X.), mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl (M.G.N.).
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Author ContributionsMS performed the metagenomics data analyses and correlation analyses. SPS, MJ, MO, AK, and MJB performed the immunological assays and processed and analyzed the data. MS, HV, EAF, CH, MGN, and RJX interpreted the results. MS, EAF, and CH led the computational methods and research development. SPS, MJ, and MO collected clinical samples. SPS, TJ, and LJ performed functional validation experiments. MS, SPS, HV, CH, MGN, and RJX assembled and wrote the paper. MS, HV, MGN, and RJX served as project leaders. JF, AZ, LABJ, CW, MGN, and RJX designed the cohort study. CH, CW, MGN, and RJX served as principal investigators. Table S1. Related to Figure 3. Correlation coefficients for all significant species associations Table S2. Related to Figure 3. FDR values for all significant species associations Table S3. Related to Figure 3. Correlation coefficients for all significant genus associations Table S4. Related to Figure 3. FDR values for all significant genus associations Table S5. Related to Figure 4. Correlation coefficients for all significant pathway associations Table S6. Related to Figure 4. FDR values for all significant pathway associations Table S7. Related to Figure 4. Correlation coefficients for all significant GO category associations Table S8. Related to Figure 4. FDR values for all significant GO category associations
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Author ManuscriptProject (HFGP), we investigate how differences in composition and function of gut microbial communities may contribute to inter-individual variation in cytokine responses to microbial stimulations in healthy humans. We observe microbiome-cytokine interaction patterns that are stimulus-specific, cytokine-specific, and cytokine-and stimulus-specific. Validation of two predicted host-microbial interactions reveal that TNFα and IFNγ production are associated with specific microbial metabolic pathways: palmitoleic acid metabolism and tryptophan degradation to tryptophol. Besides providing a resource of predicted microbially-derived mediators that influence immune phenotypes in response to common microorganisms, these data can help to define principles for understanding disease susceptibility. The three HFGP stud...