Commensal Oral Protozoa among Patients Attending Academic Dental Teaching Hospital , Khartoum State , Sudan

Khalid, Arwa; Abdulkareem, El-Amin; Kheir, Eman; Aljafari, Alfatih Saifudinn

doi:10.12816/0017369

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In a similar study, a prevalence of 60% using PCR and 68.6% via clinical observation was reported [36]. In another study, the prevalence of oral protozoa (E. gingivalis and/or T. tenax) was recorded to be 37.9% [66] while a similar study reported 28.6% for T. tenax in periodontal disease patients [67]. In a study carried out in Enugu, Nigeria among dental patients, the prevalence of E. gingivalis was 4.9% while T. tenax was 11.3%, with no patient harbouring both parasites.…”

Section: Prevalence Of E Gingivalis and T Tenax In Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 64%

Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Periodontal Disease

Oladokun

Opeodu

Lawal

et al. 2021

MRJI

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This review is aimed at elucidating the role of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in the aetiology of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease results from localised inflammation of the periodontium due to plaque accumulation and if left untreated can lead to loss of teeth. Although dental plaque is composed mainly of bacteria, Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax, both of which are protozoan parasites have been found in plaque and implicated in periodontal disease. E. gingivalis is an amoeba associated with poor oral hygiene while T. tenax is a pyriform flagellate that lives in the tartar around the teeth, cavities of carious teeth, necrotic mucosal cells in the gingival margins of gums and pus pockets in tonsillar follicles. These parasites are transmitted by close contact, saliva, droplet spray and kissing or use of contaminated dishes, cups, spoons and forks as well as drinking water. Age, gender, socio-economic status, dental condition and gingival pathology have been reported to influence the presence of the parasite. Genetic variability and stress are also some of the factors that determine the transition of the periodontium at some gingival sites from healthy to inflame. Researchers have observed that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis is higher in developing countries than developed countries. But with good oral hygiene, regular scaling and polishing and use of antiparasitic drugs, periodontal disease caused by these parasites can be prevented and periodontal health restored.

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Section: Prevalence Of E Gingivalis and T Tenax In Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 64%

Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Periodontal Disease

Oladokun

Opeodu

Lawal

et al. 2021

MRJI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This could explain why some authors have reported higher T. tenax prevalence in patients with periodontitis rather than in patients with gingivitis [18, 38, 39]. However, no such differences have been reported in other studies where detection methods such as microscopy or cell culture were used [40, 41]. We demonstrated a statistically significant association between T. tenax presence and periodontal diagnosis: as such, screening for this protozoan needs to be considered in patients diagnosed with periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observational cross-sectional study of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal disease attending a Chilean university dental clinic

et al. 2019

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Background The oral flagellated protozoan Trichomonas tenax has been associated with patients with periodontal disease. However, no recent studies have been conducted on the prevalence of T. tenax in Chile. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of T. tenax in patients with periodontal disease, admitted to the Dental Clinic of the University of Antofagasta, Chile, through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, 20 of them with gingivitis and 30 with periodontitis. T. tenax was identified by PCR amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Associations between the protozoan and periodontal disease or the presence of risk factors to establish T. tenax infection were determined using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results T. tenax was present in 28 out of 50 (56%) of patients with periodontal disease, and was more prevalent when associated with periodontitis (21 out of 30; 70%) than dental plaque-induced gingivitis (7 out of 20; 35%). Non-statistically-significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and age, gender, smoking habit or diabetes. Statistically significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and periodontal disease, and between T. tenax and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index. Conclusion T. tenax showed a high presence in patients with progressive states of periodontal diseases. Consequently, T. tenax detection is strongly recommended in patients with periodontal disease diagnosis and with a PSR index greater than 3. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-019-0885-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Trichomonas tenax and periodontal diseases: a concise review

et al. 2017

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Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis), result from a disruption of the host-oral microbiome homoeostasis. Whereas the pathological role of some specific bacterial strains during periodontal diseases is well documented, the impact of parasites in periodontium pathophysiology is still under debate. This review aims to collect data about the prevalence and the potential role of Trichomonas tenax during periodontal diseases. Data from 47 studies revealed that T. tenax prevalence in diseased periodontium ranged from 0 to 94·1%. The prevalence of oral protozoan infections was found to be largely greater in patients with periodontal diseases than with healthy periodontium. The parasite detection was mainly performed by direct microscopy. Trichomonas tenax presence was clearly correlated with periodontal disease. The high heterogeneity of its periodontal prevalence may be correlated with the diversity of the population screened (age, sex, systemic diseases), and the methods used for diagnosis. This protozoan seems to have the capacity to be involved in the inflammatory process of gum disease. Animal experimentation, using relevant physiopathological models of periodontitis, needs to be performed to investigate the ability of T. tenax to cause and/or worsen the disease. Further investigations using standardized experimental designs of epidemiologic studies are also needed.

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Commensal Oral Protozoa among Patients Attending Academic Dental Teaching Hospital , Khartoum State , Sudan

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Periodontal Disease

Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Periodontal Disease

Observational cross-sectional study of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal disease attending a Chilean university dental clinic

Trichomonas tenax and periodontal diseases: a concise review

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