Commensals, probiotics and pathogens in the<i>C</i><i>aenorhabditis elegans</i>model

Clark, Laura C.; Hodgkin, Jonathan

doi:10.1111/cmi.12234

Cited by 90 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The impact of probiotics on the pathogen-induced deleterious effects on intestinal epithelial cells and immune responses has rarely been investigated in these two models (241,242). Caenorhabditis elegans is an emerging model to study microbial pathogenesis (243) and also for studying microorganisms that have implications for human health (244). This model seems useful for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which probiotics combat enteric pathogens (245)(246)(247)(248) and may influence quality of life.…”

Section: Activities In Animal Infection Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

2014

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SUMMARY A vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions and the production of antimicrobial molecules. The human intestinal microbiota is a source from which Lactobacillus probiotic strains have often been isolated. Only six probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from human intestinal microbiota, i.e., L. rhamnosus GG, L. casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, L. johnsonii NCC 533, L. acidophilus LB, and L. reuteri DSM 17938, have been well characterized with regard to their potential antimicrobial effects against the major gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens and rotavirus. In this review, we describe the current knowledge concerning the experimental antibacterial activities, including antibiotic-like and cell-regulating activities, and therapeutic effects demonstrated in well-conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of these probiotic Lactobacillus strains. What is known about the antimicrobial activities supported by the molecules secreted by such probiotic Lactobacillus strains suggests that they constitute a promising new source for the development of innovative anti-infectious agents that act luminally and intracellularly in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Activities In Animal Infection Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

2014

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“…elegans lives on bacteria but also can be infected by nematopathogenic coryneform bacteria such as Microbacterium and Leucobacter species. The nematodes are a well-established infection model system for many pathogenic bacteria (Clark & Hodgkin, 2014) including C. diphtheriae (Ott et al, 2012;Broadway et al, 2013;Antunes et al, 2015;Santos et al, 2015). Interestingly, in this study, worm-star and Dar formation, morphological changes typical for nematopathogenic bacteria, were observed with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic corynebacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Based on advantageous properties such as ease of culture, short life span, transparency and genetic tractability, C. elegans has developed into one of the major model systems in biology. Introduced in the early 1970s as a model for neural development (Brenner, 1974), it was later developed as a model system for hostpathogen interactions, in respect to both innate immunity and characterization of microbial virulence factors (Clark & Hodgkin, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caenorhabditis elegans star formation and negative chemotaxis induced by infection with corynebacteria

et al. 2016

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Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the major model systems in biology based on advantageous properties such as short life span, transparency, genetic tractability and ease of culture using an Escherichia coli diet. In its natural habitat, compost and rotting plant material, this nematode lives on bacteria. However, C. elegans is a predator of bacteria, but can also be infected by nematopathogenic coryneform bacteria such Microbacterium and Leucobacter species, which display intriguing and diverse modes of pathogenicity. Depending on the nematode pathogen, aggregates of worms, termed worm-stars, can be formed, or severe rectal swelling, so-called Dar formation, can be induced. Using the human and animal pathogens Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans as well as the non-pathogenic species Corynebacterium glutamicum, we show that these coryneform bacteria can also induce star formation slowly in worms, as well as a severe tail-swelling phenotype. While C. glutamicum had a significant, but minor influence on survival of C. elegans, nematodes were killed after infection with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans. The two pathogenic species were avoided by the nematodes and induced aversive learning in C. elegans.

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“…If we are starting to acknowledge the importance of considering C. elegans' interactions with non-pathogenic, naturally occurring microbes, it is mostly its reaction to standard, cultivable microbes that has been analyzed so far. Although some of these are medically relevant for being human pathogens, we still do not know if C. elegans can encounter them in the wild (Cabreiro and Gems 2013;Clark and Hodgkin 2014). Only rare studies have ventured beyond using the model worm gnotobiotically and addressed the role of naturally associated microbes, revealing distinct types of interactions, from deleterious, pathogenic ones involving bacteria, fungi and a virus (e.g.…”

Section: Elegans: a Wealth Of Genetics But Hardly Any Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

All the microbiology nematodes can teach us

Bulgheresi

2017

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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One sentence summary: Nematode-bacterium associations are major research subjects. Complementing genetic studies with ecological ones is necessary to boost our understanding of how microbial symbioses evolved and how they impact the environment. Editor: Gerard Muyzer ABSTRACTBe it their pervasiveness, experimental tractability or their impact on human health and agriculture, nematode-bacterium associations are far-reaching research subjects. Although the omics hype did not spare them and helped reveal mechanisms of communication and exchange between the associated partners, a huge amount of knowledge still awaits to be harvested from their study. Here, I summarize and compare the kind of research that has been already performed on the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and on symbiotic nematodes, both marine and entomopathogenic ones. The emerging picture highlights how complementing genetic studies with ecological ones (in the case of well-established genetic model systems such as C. elegans) and vice versa (in the case of the yet uncultured Stilbonematinae) will deepen our understanding of how microbial symbioses evolved and how they impact our environment.

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Commensals, probiotics and pathogens in theCaenorhabditis elegansmodel

Cited by 90 publications

References 65 publications

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

Caenorhabditis elegans star formation and negative chemotaxis induced by infection with corynebacteria

All the microbiology nematodes can teach us

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