Comment on “Differential Usage of Cellular Niches by Cytomegalovirus versus EBV- and Influenza Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells”

Schwanninger, Angelika; Weinberger, Birgit; Grubeck‐Loebenstein, Beatrix

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2611

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…30 There are some inconsistencies in the literature regarding if the expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells is at the cost of T-cells specific for other common viruses. 31–33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 There are some inconsistencies in the literature regarding if the expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells is at the cost of T-cells specific for other common viruses. [31][32][33] One hypothesis of how CMV may affect MS pathogenesis could be that in CMV/EBV double-seropositive individuals there is a balance in immune response between these viruses, but in CMV seronegative subjects this balance does not exist and EBV could possibly, in susceptible individuals, and together with genetic and other environmental factors, drive the immune system toward an MS phenotype.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis

et al. 2013

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“…30 There are some inconsistencies in the literature regarding if the expansion of CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells is at the cost of T-cells specific for other common viruses. 31–33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis

et al. 2013

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“…This is normally not a problem for persons with an intact immune system, but can become problematic in old age, when thymic involution diminishes the production of new T cells and leaves the T cell pool of the elderly 'filled up' with 'end-stage-differentiated', hardly functional CD8+CD28-T cells [100] , that contribute to inflammaging by increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [12] . Furthermore, a growing number of investigations demonstrate a positive correlation between CMV infection and accelerated immunosenescence [65,[101][102][103][104][105] and even increased cognitive degeneration [106] , thus underlining the urgent need for the development of effective CMV vaccines which are just about to be tested in clinical trials at the moment [107] .…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Adaptive Immunity -T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Immune System Still Be Efficient in the Elderly? An Immunological and Immunoendocrine Therapeutic Perspective

Pfister

Savino²

2008

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The continuous global increase in life expectancy represents a central challenge for our society and impacts public social security systems, families and individuals. One of the most striking changes that occur during normal human aging is immunosenescence, a progressive and overall diminution of immune functions that affect all cells and organs of the innate and adaptive immune system. As a hallmark of human aging, the progressive involution of the thymus leads to a disturbed balance and function of naïve, memory and effector T cells, thus promoting a latent pro-inflammatory status in the elderly. Together with chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus, that accumulate during life, this situation manifests in clinically relevant implications such as poor overall immune responses, decreased ability to control infectious disease and diminished response to vaccinations. Interestingly, this process parallels changes in the hormonal balance of aging subjects. In this review, we summarize recently published intriguing results from a very active and growing field of biomedical research and discuss some clinical consequences as well as possible ways of immune- and/or hormone-based interventions to delay or reverse immunosenescence.

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Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise?

Turner

2016

Biogerontology

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The age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence, is well characterised within the adaptive immune system, and in particular, among T cells. Hallmarks of immunosenescence measured in the T cell pool, include low numbers and proportions of naïve cells, high numbers and proportions of late-stage differentiated effector memory cells, poor proliferative responses to mitogens, and a CD4:CD8 ratio <1.0. These changes are largely driven by infection with Cytomegalovirus, which has been directly linked with increased inflammatory activity, poor responses to vaccination, frailty, accelerated cognitive decline, and early mortality. It has been suggested however, that exercise might exert an anti-immunosenescence effect, perhaps delaying the onset of immunological ageing or even rejuvenating aged immune profiles. This theory has been developed on the basis of evidence that exercise is a powerful stimulus of immune function. For example, in vivo antibody responses to novel antigens can be improved with just minutes of exercise undertaken at the time of vaccination. Further, lymphocyte immune-surveillance, whereby cells search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation, is thought to be facilitated by the transient lymphocytosis and subsequent lymphocytopenia induced by exercise bouts. Moreover, some forms of exercise are anti-inflammatory, and if repeated regularly over the lifespan, there is a lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with an immunological and inflammatory aetiology. The aim of this article is to discuss recent theories for how exercise might influence T cell immunosenescence, exploring themes in the context of hotly debated issues in immunology.

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Comment on “Differential Usage of Cellular Niches by Cytomegalovirus versus EBV- and Influenza Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells”

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis

Can the Immune System Still Be Efficient in the Elderly? An Immunological and Immunoendocrine Therapeutic Perspective

Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise?

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