Comment on ``Ramsey spectroscopy, matter-wave interferometry, and the microwave-lensing frequency shift''

Measurement of the Microwave Lensing shift in NIST-F1 and NIST-F2

“…Such purely mechanical clipping is, of course, only a mathematical artifice, physically any such clipping is presumably the product of an interaction between the atom and the aperture doing the clipping and the resulting interaction Hamiltonian must be evaluated. As we pointed out in [3], phase shifts from wall interactions six or more orders of magnitude greater than those required for this frequency shift have been measured. Because the wavefunction of one of the two microwave superposition states is clipped a small amount more than the other, any differential phase shift of the superposition state as a result of the clipping could easily be imposed on the superposition by the clipping.…”

“…Further, we have scaled the prediction for the bias in NIST-F2 found in [12] by the ratio of Ashby's F1/F2 predictions to generate our best guess as to the F1 prediction using the theory of [2,[12][13]. We are forced into this unusual step, because published formulae for frequency corrections using the theory in [2,12,14] seem to be in serious error as discussed in Appendix A of this document and in [3,11,13]. In [12] it is claimed that Eq.…”

“…Some of these errors are discussed in [3], here we discuss a few that we feel undermine the ability of the theory to be used to calculate "corrections" to PFS or SFS. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, rather it is a limited sampling of the reasons we find the exposition of the theory lacking in sufficient rigor to be used in the calculation of corrections to PFS.…”

“…The predictions of these models are sufficiently different as to potentially change the rate of UTC if applied to PFS, so it is crucial to determine as accurately as possible which model (if any) best reflects physical reality. Finally, as we note in [3], this shift is probably not amenable to calculation of a precision correction as it requires knowledge of too many unknown interaction potentials.…”

Incompleteness of General Relativity Regarding Einstein's Program

“…From an experimental point of view, we notice that, since the 1960 years, the Einstein's Program has been implicitly validated and implemented by the International Legal Metrology Organization when matter was replaced by field, in order to determine the standards for measures of length and time, after having served as a fundamental basis during two centuries. Nowadays the standards are based upon one particular period of an electromagnetic wave frequency (Jefferts & al, 2015). The velocity of light in vacuum is admitted as a primary fundamental constant in physics, with its numerical value strictly fixed.…”