A number of graphene
allotropes constructed by sp
3
,
sp
2
, and sp hybrid orbitals have recently been proposed
to provide the broad potential for practical applications. Here, using
molecular dynamics simulation, the structural and tensile characteristics
of nine distinct graphene allotropes have been investigated to understand
their morphology-controlled mechanical properties. Results show that
the averaged out-of-plane displacement is independent of nonhexagons
while being dominated by the arrangement of carbon polygons on the
sheets. Each sheet possesses unique surface morphology and in-plane
tensile properties that significantly vary with morphology and anisotropic
crystalline orientation. Brittle, semibrittle, or ductile failure
is observed, depending on the evolution of their packed polygons in
facilitating tension deformation and in dissipating energy. Particularly,
pentagraphene exhibits superductility as a consequence of large-scale
structural transformations, accommodating stress relaxation beyond
initial failure. Two distinct plastic deformation patterns in overstretched
pentagraphene are uncovered, depending on the tension directions:
one is dominated by structural transition from sp
3
-carbon-contained
penta-(C
5
) to mixed sp
2
-carbon polygons and
the other is mainly controlled by a stepwise pentagon-to-hexagon transition.
These findings provide physical insights into the structural evolvement
of two-dimensional graphene allotropes and their effects on the mechanical
properties.