Comment on “Unexpected reversal of C
 3
 versus C
 4
 grass response to elevated CO
 2
 during a 20-year field experiment”

Wolf, Julie; Ziska, Lewis

doi:10.1126/science.aau1073

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Reich et al, 2018). That study and others (Wolf & Ziska, 2018) indicate the importance of including nutrient feedbacks, plant growth rates, and plant life spans in systems where nutrients or water may be limiting. The ability of C 4 plants to accumulate organic matter in the soil may further help C 4 plants to thrive in nutrient and water poor environment, and may help to ameliorate the ΔA differential caused by high CO 2 concentrations, keeping C 4 plants competitive in a greater number of habitats.…”

Section: Advantage Will Decrease In Futurementioning

confidence: 69%

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

Scott

Smith

2022

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Empirical studies have shown that plant photosynthetic responses to environmental change can vary over time due to acclimation, but acclimation responses are often not included in Earth System Models. Photosynthetic least cost theory can be used to develop models of photosynthetic acclimation that are simple and testable. The theory is based on the idea that plants will acclimate to minimize the ratio of carbon costs to photosynthetic assimilation rate (Prentice et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12211). Formulations of this theory have been developed for C3 plants, but not C4 plants, which account for over 20% of global photosynthesis and are over‐represented among widely grown crops. Here, we use photosynthetic least cost theory to derive a model for C4 photosynthetic acclimation to above‐ground abiotic conditions. We then compare our model's responses to a similar model of C3 photosynthetic acclimation and find that C4 photosynthesis has the highest simulated advantage over C3 photosynthesis in hot, dry, and low CO2 environments. We find that this advantage predicts C4 abundance globally, but that the shallower CO2 response of C4 as compared to C3 photosynthesis will reduce C4 plant competitiveness under future conditions, despite higher temperatures. We also show that an acclimated model predicts similar or faster rates of C4 under all conditions than a model that does not consider acclimation, suggesting that Earth System Models (ESMs) are underestimating future C4 carbon uptake by not including acclimation. Our model is designed for easy incorporation into such ESMs.

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Section: Advantage Will Decrease In Futurementioning

confidence: 69%

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

Scott

Smith

2022

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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“…in rice (−3% Zn), wheat (−9% Zn) (Myers et al, 2014), possible to be due to yield dilution effects: when grown at elevated CO 2 , crop biomass/yield tends to increase by approx. 15% (Ainsworth and Long, 2005) induced by increased atmospheric CO 2 (Reich et al, 2018a(Reich et al, , 2018bWolf and Ziska, 2018). This decline in micronutrient quality has gained a lot of media attention, accompanied by media headlines such as 'nutrient collapse'.…”

Section: Impact Of Climate Change On Crop Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change as a Driver of Emerging Risks

Bolohan¹

2021

New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption

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Climate change constitutes an important driver of emerging risks. While a wide range of forward-looking studies and reports study the impact of climate change: on the food security, on future challenges for food and feed safety, animal and plant health and also nutritional quality are usually not examined in depth.This study explores the possibility of: using the specific driver, climate change, for long-term anticipation of multiple emerging risks, using climate change scenarios; using crowd-sourcing and text mining to collect a broad range of signals from different information sources; using a knowledge expert's network from international organizations.Climate change and its implications for food safety request a complex scientific study, given the number and diversity of hazards that have to be considered, the large number of uncertainties involved and the interconnections between different areas. Climate change effects are characterized by a multidisciplinary nature (human-plant-animal health and environmental sciences) and go further recognition of specific emerging risks. In Europe there are numerous issues that are driven by climate change and that may affect food safety. Climate change has the potential of causing, enhancing or modifying the occurrence and the intensity of some food-borne diseases and the establishment of the invasive alien species harmful to plant and animal health. It has a major impact on the occurrence, concentration and toxicity of blooms of potentially toxic marine and freshwater algae and bacteria, on the dominance and persistence of different parasites, viruses, fungi, vectors and invasive species, harmful to plant and animal health.

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“…Reference [4] challenged this result arguing the responses of C 3 and C 4 plants to elevated CO 2 observed in [3] can be explained by the natural history of the plants and soils in the experiment without challenging the C 3 -C 4 elevated CO 2 paradigm.…”

Section: A Brief Literature Review Of the Possible Reversal Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work has been the subject of intense debate. Reference [4] challenged this result. Reference [5] partially agreed with the comment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Other Limiting Factors in the Growth of C3 and C4 Plants

Boretti

Florentine

2019

Plants

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It has been widely observed that recent increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations have had, so far, a positive effect on the growth of plants. This is not surprising since CO2 is an important nutrient for plant matter, being directly involved in photosynthesis. However, it is also known that the conditions which have accompanied this increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration have also had significant effects on other environmental factors. It is possible that these other effects may emerge as limiting factors which could act to prevent plant growth. This may involve complex interactions between prevailing sunlight and water conditions, variable temperatures, the availability of essential nutrients and the type of synthetic pathway for the plant species. The issue of concern to this investigation is if we should be worried about a possible shift in the C3-C4 paradigm driven by changes in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, or if some other factor, such as water scarcity, is much more relevant within a 30-year time frame. If an opinion is needed on what will have the worst effect on the survival of the planet between the scarcity of water or the reduced efficiency of C3 plants to sequester CO2, the issue of water is the more incisive.

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Comment on “Unexpected reversal of C ₃ versus C ₄ grass response to elevated CO ₂ during a 20-year field experiment”

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

Climate Change as a Driver of Emerging Risks

Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Other Limiting Factors in the Growth of C3 and C4 Plants

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Comment on “Unexpected reversal of C 3 versus C 4 grass response to elevated CO 2 during a 20-year field experiment”

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

A Model of C4 Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

A Model of C4 Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

Climate Change as a Driver of Emerging Risks

Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Other Limiting Factors in the Growth of C3 and C4 Plants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comment on “Unexpected reversal of C ₃ versus C ₄ grass response to elevated CO ₂ during a 20-year field experiment”

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation

A Model of C₄ Photosynthetic Acclimation Based on Least‐Cost Optimality Theory Suitable for Earth System Model Incorporation