Commentary: Borrelia miyamotoi: 43 Cases Diagnosed in France by Real-Time PCR in Patients With Persistent Polymorphic Signs and Symptoms

Prevalence and clinical manifestation of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ticks and humans in the northern hemisphere: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…55 A 2020 study 56 suggested B miyamotoi to be the cause of long-lasting, non-specific symptoms, but the study had too many shortcomings to redefine the clinical symptoms of B miyamotoi disease. 57 Different methods were used to diagnose the included cases (table). Method selection depends on the time between onset of the disease and blood or CSF sampling (appendix p 4).…”

Technical Evaluation of qPCR Multiplex Assays for the Detection of Ixodes ricinus-Borne Pathogens

“…To reduce false negative outcomes, the use of multiple targets per TBP could be considered. This strategy would also ameliorate the possibility of contamination from the positive control or PCR amplicons [32]. For this purpose, synthetic positive controls were used that differed genetically from the wildlife sequences.…”

“…Good repeatability was demonstrated in this study for the A. phagocytophilum target by exchanging samples with an independent European laboratory. However, due to the scarcity of confirmed patient material, such as blood samples and even DNA extracts of these rare TBD cases, the repeatability of the other targets could not be evaluated [32]. In addition, the occurrence of non-reproducible results [14] and the contamination of positive controls [32] should not be overlooked.…”

“…However, due to the scarcity of confirmed patient material, such as blood samples and even DNA extracts of these rare TBD cases, the repeatability of the other targets could not be evaluated [32]. In addition, the occurrence of non-reproducible results [14] and the contamination of positive controls [32] should not be overlooked. Therefore, confirmation of positive test results for these rare diseases by independent (European) laboratories or by sequencing the PCR products is essential in making a reliable diagnosis, at least for the microorganisms that are not yet established as human pathogens or that do not occur regularly (e.g., Spiroplasma and Neoehrlichia).…”

Borrelia miyamotoi: A Comprehensive Review

“…Including the first cases of BMD diagnosed in Russia, there have been 561 total diagnoses: 367 in Russia, 101 in the United States, 57 in France, 30 elsewhere in Asia, and 6 elsewhere in Europe [ 26 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The higher number of cases in Russia may be due to increased awareness of B. miyamotoi prompting more testing, increased transmission abilities of I. persulcatus ticks, or greater virulence of Russian strains, leading to more hospitalizations.…”