Commentary: “Compensatory plasticity: time matters”

Gama, Nuno; Lehmann, Alexandre

doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00348

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…First, multiple terms for the same or similar phenomena have been used in previous studies of cross-modal plasticity. For example, the perceptual deficit hypothesis is comparable to the (sensory) deficiency/loss theory/hypothesis or general loss hypothesis [10, 138, 139]. The sensory compensation hypothesis is similar to the compensatory adaptation theory [139].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the perceptual deficit hypothesis is comparable to the (sensory) deficiency/loss theory/hypothesis or general loss hypothesis [10, 138, 139]. The sensory compensation hypothesis is similar to the compensatory adaptation theory [139]. Alternatively, these phenomena are also referred to as adaptive/compensatory or maladaptive changes in plasticity or enhancements and deficits, respectively [9, 114].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cross-Modal Effects of Sensory Deprivation on Spatial and Temporal Processes in Vision and Audition: A Systematic Review on Behavioral and Neuroimaging Research since 2000

et al. 2019

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One of the most significant effects of neural plasticity manifests in the case of sensory deprivation when cortical areas that were originally specialized for the functions of the deprived sense take over the processing of another modality. Vision and audition represent two important senses needed to navigate through space and time. Therefore, the current systematic review discusses the cross-modal behavioral and neural consequences of deafness and blindness by focusing on spatial and temporal processing abilities, respectively. In addition, movement processing is evaluated as compiling both spatial and temporal information. We examine whether the sense that is not primarily affected changes in its own properties or in the properties of the deprived modality (i.e., temporal processing as the main specialization of audition and spatial processing as the main specialization of vision). References to the metamodal organization, supramodal functioning, and the revised neural recycling theory are made to address global brain organization and plasticity principles. Generally, according to the reviewed studies, behavioral performance is enhanced in those aspects for which both the deprived and the overtaking senses provide adequate processing resources. Furthermore, the behavioral enhancements observed in the overtaking sense (i.e., vision in the case of deafness and audition in the case of blindness) are clearly limited by the processing resources of the overtaking modality. Thus, the brain regions that were previously recruited during the behavioral performance of the deprived sense now support a similar behavioral performance for the overtaking sense. This finding suggests a more input-unspecific and processing principle-based organization of the brain. Finally, we highlight the importance of controlling for and stating factors that might impact neural plasticity and the need for further research into visual temporal processing in deaf subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cross-Modal Effects of Sensory Deprivation on Spatial and Temporal Processes in Vision and Audition: A Systematic Review on Behavioral and Neuroimaging Research since 2000

et al. 2019

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“…However, the clinical outcomes of CI users vary greatly. The improvement in speech perception abilities appears to depend on a variety of factors including the etiology and the duration of hearing loss, the age of implantation, and other factors specific to the CI device (Blamey et al, 2013;Gama and Lehmann, 2015). A growing body of research is using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to objectively measure CI outcomes because they reflect the integrity of the auditory pathway (Shallop, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Middle Latency Responses to Optimized Chirps in Adult Cochlear Implant Users

Alemi

Lehmann

2019

J Am Acad Audiol

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Cochlear implant (CI) outcomes can be assessed using objective measures that reflect the integrity of the auditory pathway. One such measure is the middle latency response (MLR), which can provide valuable information for clinicians.Traditional stimuli for evoking MLRs, that is, clicks or tone bursts, do not stimulate all parts of the cochlea simultaneously, whereas chirp stimuli compensate for the cochlear neural delay and, therefore, produce more synchronous responses from the different neural elements of the cochlea. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chirp stimuli can elicit reliable MLRs in CI users and whether those responses correlate with clinical outcomes and with deprivation-related factors.We presented 2,000 free-field optimized chirp stimuli to CI and control participants while their electroencephalography (EEG) was being recorded.Twenty-four adult CI users and 24 matched normal-hearing (NH) individuals (age range from 18 to 63 years) participated in this study.The EEG was recorded from 64 active electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG signals were processed using EEGLAB and ERPLAB toolboxes. We characterized the latencies and amplitudes of the different MLR components in both groups.Chirp stimuli reliably evoked qualitatively similar MLRs across all NH and CI participants with a couple of differences observed between the NH and CI group. Among the different MLR components, the Na latency was significantly shorter for the CI group. A significant amplitude difference was also found between groups for the Pa–Nb complex, with higher amplitudes observed in the NH group. Finally, there were no significant correlations between MLR latencies (or amplitudes) and clinical outcomes or deprivation-related measures.Free-field–presented optimized chirp stimuli were shown to evoke measurable and reliable MLRs in CI users. In this experiment, the MLR morphology in CI users was similar to those observed in NH participants. Even though we did not replicate here a significant relationship between MLR and speech perception measures, we were able to successfully collect acoustically evoked MLRs, which could constitute an important supplemental measure to the standard behavioral tests presently being used in postoperative clinical evaluation settings.

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