Commentary: Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells

Šimko, Fedor; Baka, Tomáš

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.842512

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases reported the increased ACE2 expression, promoting vulnerabilities to COVID-19 and direct viral damage. Noteworthy, RAS inhibitors, frequently medicated to older patients with cardiovascular diseases, are safe, despite increased membrane-bound ACE2 expression ( 28 ).…”

Section: The Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Receptor and Renin-angio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History

Yang

Yan

2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), represents a great threat to healthcare and socioeconomics worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 promotes cardiac injuries, particularly in elderly patients with cardiovascular history, leading to a higher risk of progression to critical conditions. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated as virus binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the heart, resulting in direct infection and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Meanwhile, immune response and hyper-inflammation, as well as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis implicate in COVID-19 infection. Herein, we provide an overview of the proposed mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries in COVID-19, particularly in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, aiming to set appropriate management and improve their clinical outcomes.

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Section: The Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Receptor and Renin-angio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History

Yang

Yan

2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Commonly used antihypertensive drugs, especially ACEIs and angiotensin receptor type I blockers (ARBs), were shown to affect the ACE2-related pathway in the sense of ACE2 upregulation [7]. Recommendations regarding the application of ACEIs or ARBs during COVID-19 are currently actively debated; however, a number of analyses have shown that patients with cardiovascular disorders are not endangered by ACEI/ARB treatment during COVID-19 or may even benefit from it [8][9][10]. Sulfhydrylated ACEIs, especially zofenopril (ZOFE), have been shown to provide additional benefits in some indications compared to other ACE inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of zofenopril on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760

Cacanyiova,

Cebova,

Simko

et al. 2023

Biol Res

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Background Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a crucial role in the infection cycle of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for formation of COVID-19 pandemic. In the cardiovascular system, the virus enters the cells by binding to the transmembrane form of ACE2 causing detrimental effects especially in individuals with developed hypertension or heart disease. Zofenopril, a H2S-releasing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), has been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension; however, in conditions of ACE2 inhibition its potential beneficial effect has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of zofenopril on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of human essential hypertension and heart failure, under conditions of ACE2 inhibition induced by the administration of the specific inhibitor MLN-4760 (MLN). Results Zofenopril reduced MLN-increased visceral fat to body weight ratio although no changes in systolic blood pressure were recorded. Zofenopril administration resulted in a favorable increase in left ventricle ejection fraction and improvement of diastolic function regardless of ACE2 inhibition, which was associated with increased H2S levels in plasma and heart tissue. Similarly, the acute hypotensive responses induced by acetylcholine, L-NAME (NOsynthase inhibitor) and captopril (ACEI) were comparable after zofenopril administration independently from ACE2 inhibition. Although simultaneous treatment with zofenopril and MLN led to increased thoracic aorta vasorelaxation, zofenopril increased the NO component equally regardless of MLN treatment, which was associated with increased NO-synthase activity in aorta and left ventricle. Moreover, unlike in control rats, the endogenous H2S participated in maintaining of aortic endothelial function in MLN-treated rats and the treatment with zofenopril had no impact on this effect. Conclusions Zofenopril treatment reduced MLN-induced adiposity and improved cardiac function regardless of ACE2 inhibition. Although the concomitant MLN and zofenopril treatment increased thoracic aorta vasorelaxation capacity, zofenopril increased the participation of H2S and NO in the maintenance of endothelial function independently from ACE2 inhibition. Our results confirmed that the beneficial effects of zofenopril were not affected by ACE2 inhibition, moreover, we assume that ACE2 inhibition itself can lead to the activation of cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms associated with Mas receptor, nitrous and sulfide signaling.

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Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the hypertensive heart in continuous light-induced and lactacystin-induced pre-hypertension: Interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Simko,

Stanko,

Repova

et al. 2024

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Commentary: Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History

The effect of zofenopril on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760

Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the hypertensive heart in continuous light-induced and lactacystin-induced pre-hypertension: Interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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