Commentary: Enhanced Hemodynamic and Clinical Response to αCGRP in Migraine Patients—A TCD Study

Altamura, Claudia; Vernieri, Fabrizio

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.663818

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…CGRP could prepare the brain to manage stressful conditions (i.e., increased metabolic demand) [ 68 ] and counterbalance the action of other substances with vasoconstrictive properties such as endothelin 1, which is released during cortical spreading depression (CSD) [ 69 ]. Therefore, CGRP-related vasodilation can be considered a vascular adaptation to the metabolic and hemodynamic consequences of CSD [ 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Hemodynamics, Right-to-Left Shunt and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Migraine with Aura, Young Stroke Patients and Controls

Brunelli

Altamura

Mallio

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Migraine with aura (MA) patients present an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. However, whether these patients present an increased white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) load compared to the general population is still under debate. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics, right-to-left shunt (RLS) and WMHs in MA patients, young patients with cryptogenic stroke or motor transient ischemic attack (TIA) and controls. Methods: We enrolled 30 MA patients, 20 young (<60 years) patients with cryptogenic stroke/motor TIA, and 10 controls. All the subjects underwent a transcranial Doppler bubble test to detect RLS and cerebral hemodynamics assessed by the breath holding index (BHI) for the middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries. Vascular risk factors were collected. The WMHs load on FLAIR MRI sequences was quantitatively assessed. Results: The stroke/TIA patients presented a higher prevalence of RLS (100%) compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The MA patients presented a higher BHI compared with the other groups in the PCA (p = 0.010) and higher RLS prevalence (60%) than controls (30%) (p < 0.001). The WMHs load did not differ across groups. BHI and RLS were not correlated to the WMHs load in the groups. Conclusions: A preserved or more reactive cerebral hemodynamics and the presence of a RLS are likely not involved in the genesis of WMHs in MA patients. A higher BHI may counteract the risk related to their higher prevalence of RLS. These results need to be confirmed by further studies to be able to effectively identify the protective role of cerebral hemodynamics in the increased RLS frequency in MA patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Hemodynamics, Right-to-Left Shunt and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Migraine with Aura, Young Stroke Patients and Controls

Brunelli

Altamura

Mallio

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The neurogenic control of medium and small size arteries, on the other hand, occurs through the activation of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory neurons. The last ones act by secreting CGRP, NO, serotonin, and PACAP [ 34 , 35 ]. However, as discussed above, vasodilation is not essential to provoke migraine attacks.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gepants — a long way to cure: a narrative review

et al. 2022

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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is probably the most potent vasodilator in cerebral circulation. Forty years after its discovery, the new CGRP-targeted therapy monoclonal antibodies, and the small molecule gepants, are now available for clinical practice. While randomized controlled trials and real-world experience consistently demonstrated the high efficacy and tolerability of monoclonal antibodies, limited evidence is available to characterize gepants fully. Depending on pharmacokinetics, these CGRP receptor antagonists can be used for acute (ubrogepant, rimegepant, and the not yet approved zavegepant) or preventive (atogepant and rimegepant) migraine treatment. Randomized placebo-controlled trials demonstrated gepants efficacy in treating acute attacks to obtain 2 h pain freedom in about 20% of patients and pain relief in about 60%, while up to 60% of treated patients with episodic migraine may experience a 50% reduction in monthly migraine days. The most common treatment-related emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal (nausea, constipation) for the acute or preventive use. No vascular or hepatic concerns have emerged so far. More studies are ongoing to investigate gepant tolerability and safety also if associated with monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP and other therapeutic classes. Gepants are also under investigation to treat other painful and non-painful conditions. Real-life studies are necessary to confirm the trials’ findings and investigate more practical clinical aspects.

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OnabotulinumtoxinA in elderly patients with chronic migraine: insights from a real-life European multicenter study

et al. 2022

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Commentary: Enhanced Hemodynamic and Clinical Response to αCGRP in Migraine Patients—A TCD Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Cerebral Hemodynamics, Right-to-Left Shunt and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Migraine with Aura, Young Stroke Patients and Controls

Cerebral Hemodynamics, Right-to-Left Shunt and White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Migraine with Aura, Young Stroke Patients and Controls

Gepants — a long way to cure: a narrative review

OnabotulinumtoxinA in elderly patients with chronic migraine: insights from a real-life European multicenter study

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