Commentary on Making Sense of the Science of Sodium

Anderson, Cheryl A.M.; Johnson, Rachel K.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; Miller, Emily Ann

doi:10.1097/nt.0000000000000086

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite some controversy regarding population sodium reduction efforts in the United States, 45,46 groups such as the American Heart Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans reviewed the science and continue to support strategies to encourage a healthy diet, including lower sodium intake, among children and adolescents. 8,10,47,48 Reducing the sodium content of commonly consumed commercially processed, store, school, and restaurant foods could result in substantial reductions in excess sodium intake among US children now and into their adult years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake among US School-Aged Children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012

Quader¹,

Gillespie²,

Sliwa³

et al. 2017

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Identifying current major dietary sources of sodium can enhance strategies to reduce excess sodium intake, which occurs among 90% of US school-aged children. Objective To describe major food sources, places obtained, and eating occasions contributing to sodium intake among US school-aged children. Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants/setting A nationally representative sample of 2,142 US children aged 6 to 18 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall. Main outcome measures Population proportions of sodium intake from major food categories, places, and eating occasions. Statistical analyses performed Statistical analyses accounted for the complex survey design and sampling. Wald F tests and t tests were used to examine differences between subgroups. Results Average daily sodium intake was highest among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (3,565±120 mg), lowest among girls (2,919±74 mg). Little variation was seen in average intakes or the top five sodium contributors by sociodemographic characteristics or weight status. Ten food categories contributed to almost half (48%) of US school-aged children’s sodium intake, and included pizza, Mexican-mixed dishes, sandwiches, breads, cold cuts, soups, savory snacks, cheese, plain milk, and poultry. More than 80 food categories contributed to the other half of children’s sodium intake. Foods obtained from stores contributed 58% of sodium intake, fast-food/pizza restaurants contributed 16%, and school cafeterias contributed 10%. Thirty-nine percent of sodium intake was consumed at dinner, 31% at lunch, 16% from snacks, and 14% at breakfast. Conclusions With the exception of plain milk, which naturally contains sodium, the top 10 food categories contributing to US schoolchildren’s sodium intake during 2011–2012 comprised foods in which sodium is added during processing or preparation. Sodium is consumed throughout the day from multiple foods and locations, highlighting the importance of sodium reduction across the US food supply.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake among US School-Aged Children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012

Quader¹,

Gillespie²,

Sliwa³

et al. 2017

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, a presumption of benefit continues to be expressed in the sodium intake recommendations of numerous otherwise authoritative bodies. 7 Reflecting this lacuna, Drummond Rennie, editor of JAMA , was quoted in an interview in Science as saying that the “…authorities pushing the ‘eat-less-salt’ message had made a commitment to salt education that goes way beyond the scientific facts.” 3 …”

Section: Salt Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of the Science of Sodium

Heaney

2015

Nutrition Today

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the Institute of Medicine’s commitment to base its nutrient intake recommendations in evidence, the 2004/2005 Dietary Reference Intakes for sodium were not supported by evidence, as the subsequent 2013 Institute of Medicine review admitted. In this review, I suggest an approach to setting nutrient intake requirements based in physiology. Briefly, the requirement of a given nutrient can best be said to be the intake that calls for the least adaptation or compensation by the intact organism. For sodium, evidence indicates that such an intake is typically between 3000 and 5000 mg/d.

show abstract

“…There is currently fierce debate regarding the optimal recommended intake for salt, as highlighted in recent commentaries on the topic [13,14]. WHO recommends a maximum population-level target of 5g per day (2000mg Na) [9] and this is the value that 38 countries have adopted as their national targets [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative and Collaborative Strategies to Reduce Population-Wide Sodium Intake

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. (2015). Innovative and collaborative strategies to reduce population-wide sodium intake. Current Nutrition Reports, 4 (4), 279-289. Innovative and collaborative strategies to reduce population-wide sodium intake AbstractThe World Health Organization promotes salt reduction as a best-buy strategy to reduce chronic diseases, and member states have agreed to a 30 % reduction target in mean population salt intake by 2025. This systematic literature review identified a number of innovative population-level strategies, including promotion of a substitute for table salt, provision of a salt spoon to lower the amount used in home cooking and social marketing and consumer awareness campaigns on salt and health. In high-income nations, engagement with the food industry to encourage reformulation of processed foods-whether through voluntary or mandatory approaches-is key to salt reduction. Legislation of salt content in foods, although not widely adopted, can create concrete incentives and disincentives to meet targets and does not rely on individuals to change their behaviour. The important role of advocacy and lobbying to change the food supply is undisputed.

show abstract

Commentary on Making Sense of the Science of Sodium

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Sodium Intake among US School-Aged Children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012

Sodium Intake among US School-Aged Children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012

Making Sense of the Science of Sodium

Innovative and Collaborative Strategies to Reduce Population-Wide Sodium Intake

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About