Commentary on the de Vega et al. (2010) paper on hyphae in the parasitic plant <i>Cytinus</i>: Mycorrhizal fungi growing within plants are not always mycorrhizal<sup>1</sup>

Brundrett, Mark

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000174

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In his second point, Brundrett (2011) states that we did not clearly show in our paper the frequency of occurrence of arbuscules in Cytinus and that the abundance of such structures is the defining feature of AM fungi, suggesting that they are absent when fungi grow as endophytes in nonhost plants.…”

Section: Existence Of Arbusculescontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Brundrett (2011) has taken issue with our report, arguing that despite interesting observations, our conclusions should be interpreted with caution because they are not adequately supported by the data. He claims that alternative potential interpretations may be possible.…”

contrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Brundrett (2011) indicates that internal parasites have fewer opportunities to form associations with mycorrhizal fungi than external parasites, because external parasites have roots and thus more opportunities to interact with soil fungi.…”

Section: Internal Parasitic Plants and Mycorrhizamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brundrett (2011), citing one of our previous articles (de Vega et al, 2007) also states that Cytinus lives primarily within the xylem of perennial host roots, and thus, there seems to be little opportunity for the parasitic plant to interact with mycorrhizal fungi. However, we have shown that the endophytic system of Cytinus develops first in the host cortex (de Vega et al, 2007) where mycorrhizal fungi structures, arbuscules and vesicles have been observed (de Vega et al, 2010 see Fig.…”

Section: Internal Parasitic Plants and Mycorrhizamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Vega

Arista

Ortiz

et al. 2011

American J of Botany

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In a recent study (American Journal of Botany 97: 730-737), we described the first case of a tripartite association in natural conditions among a holoparasitic plant (Cytinus), its host Cistaceae species, and mycorrhizal fungi at an anatomical level. In a letter to the editor, Brundrett (American Journal of Botany 98: 595-596) commented on our manuscript and questioned our conclusions, arguing that they are not adequately supported by the data. We reject this point of view and believe that the controversy has arisen because of the parasitic way of life of Cytinus. We maintain and demonstrate that there is enough evidence in the data that we presented to confirm the existence of mycorrhizal associations in the Cytinus-Cistaceae complex, supporting the functionality of the tripartite association. Most holoparasitic plants have been considered as nonmycorrhizal. However, it is not advisable to be categorical in drawing conclusions about the mycorrhizal status of a group of plants that has not been fully studied.

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Section: Existence Of Arbusculescontrasting

confidence: 69%

contrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Internal Parasitic Plants and Mycorrhizamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internal Parasitic Plants and Mycorrhizamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Vega

Arista

Ortiz

et al. 2011

American J of Botany

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“…Some examples include reports of EcM in Fraxinus , Ulmus and Acer that contradict > 100 years of evidence that these are AM trees (Harley & Harley, ; Brundrett et al ., ). Other very unlikely reports include AM in parasitic plants without roots (Brundrett, ) and families whose NM status is well‐documented (Tester et al ., ; Brundrett, ) and are expected to lack mycorrhizal genes required for a mutualistic association (Delaux et al ., ).…”

Section: Mistakes In Mycorrhizal Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions

Brundrett

Tedersoo

2018

New Phytologist

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We draw attention to a worrying trend for the uncritical use of 'recycled' mycorrhizal data to compile host species lists that include obvious errors or undertake risky analyses that correlate mycorrhizal colonisation levels with environmental or physiological factors despite inherent limitations in datasets. We are not suggesting that all meta-studies are wrong, only that more care should be taken to resolve what can safely be done with recycled mycorrhizal data in the future. We also recommend that mycorrhizal species lists should be checked against standard references since the majority of EM hosts and NM plant belong to families that are well resolved. However, additional research is required in cases where plant families have multiple root types within genera or occur in habitats where mycorrhizal associations are often suppressed (see Brundrett & Tedersoo, 2018). We hope that the mycorrhizal science community will work together more closely in the future to develop and enforce standards for mycorrhizal diagnosis and to share carefully corrected datasets for realistic meta-studies.

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Differential effects of ephemeral colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two Cuscuta species with different ecology

2015

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Seedlings of parasitic Cuscuta species are autotrophic but can survive only a short period of time, during which they must locate and attach to a suitable host. They have an ephemeral root-like organ considered not a "true" root by most studies. In the present study, two species with contrasting ecology were examined: Cuscuta gronovii, a North American riparian species, and Cuscuta campestris, an invasive dodder that thrives in disturbed habitats. The morphology, structure, and absorptive capability of their root-like organ were compared, their potential for colonization by two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed, and the effect of the AMF on seedling growth and survival was determined. The root of both species absorbed water and interacted with AMF, but the two species exhibited dissimilar growth and survival patterns depending on the colonization level of their seedlings. The extensively colonized seedlings of C. gronovii grew more and survived longer than non-colonized seedlings. In contrast, the scarce colonization of C. campestris seedlings did not increase their growth or longevity. The differential growth responses of the AMF-colonized and non-colonized Cuscuta species suggest a mycorrhizal relationship and reflect their ecology. While C. gronovii roots have retained a higher ability to interact with AMF and are likely to take advantage of fungal communities in riparian habitats, the invasive C. campestris has largely lost this ability possibly as an adaptation to disturbed ecosystems. These results indicate that dodders have a true root, even if much reduced and ephemeral, that can interact with AMF.

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Commentary on the de Vega et al. (2010) paper on hyphae in the parasitic plant Cytinus: Mycorrhizal fungi growing within plants are not always mycorrhizal¹

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions

Differential effects of ephemeral colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two Cuscuta species with different ecology

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Commentary on the de Vega et al. (2010) paper on hyphae in the parasitic plant Cytinus: Mycorrhizal fungi growing within plants are not always mycorrhizal1

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants: Reply

Misdiagnosis of mycorrhizas and inappropriate recycling of data can lead to false conclusions

Differential effects of ephemeral colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two Cuscuta species with different ecology

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Product

Resources

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Commentary on the de Vega et al. (2010) paper on hyphae in the parasitic plant Cytinus: Mycorrhizal fungi growing within plants are not always mycorrhizal¹