“…Statistical contrast tests comparing the p value of empirical result with the level of significance continue to be the preferred statistical tool used by researchers who do not comprehend the importance of ascertaining the practical importance of the statistically significant differences detected. Studies from different countries have shown that students, researchers, and professionals do not learn about philosophical fallacies, replication, the effect size, and clinical significance (Badenes‐Ribera, Frias‐Navarro, Iotti, Bonilla‐Campos, & Longobardi, 2016, 2018; Badenes‐Ribera, Frias‐Navarro, Monterde‐i‐Bort, & Pascual‐Soler, 2015; Bort, Llobell, & Navarro, 2006; Haller & Krauss, 2002; Mittag & Thompson, 2000; Perezgonzalez, Frias‐Navarro, & Pascual‐Llobell, 2017; Perezgonzalez, Pascual‐Soler, Pascual‐Llobell, & Frias‐Navarro, 2019). Due to the broad and continued use of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), further methodological reflections and evaluations of the implications of NHST for scientific investigations are needed.…”