Comments of Environmental Conditions for the Maintenance of Leptospira in Tropical Scenarios

Martins, Gabriel; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1007/s00284-015-0894-7

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, given the results of this survey, cut-off points below 50 should also be considered as they are relevant in other species, such as sheep and swine. This is very important from epidemiological and infection control points of view as it avoids the maintenance of infected animals in the herd since subclinical infections are very common [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) has been recommended as a serological test by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) because of its capacity to demonstrate the most likely infecting serogroup [ 15 ]. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a fast technique with high sensitivity and specificity and is, therefore, very reliable [ 16 , 17 ], although microbiological isolation is considered to be the gold standard [ 18 , 19 ]. The paired use of these diagnostic methods increases the capacity for detecting a positive animal in order to cover all situations where leptospires are not shed in urine, or chronic phase where antibody titers can be low; in addition, microbiological culture and isolation is still the only way to confirm the autochthonous Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology

et al. 2023

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Bovine leptospirosis causes economic losses and raises public health concerns. It is possible that there are peculiarities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in regions with a semiarid climate, such as the Caatinga biome in Brazil, where the climate is hot and dry, and the etiological agent require alternative routes of transmission. This study aimed to close knowledge gaps to the diagnosis and epidemiology of Leptospira spp. infection in cows from the Caatinga biome, Brazil. Samples of the blood, urinary tract (urine, bladder and kidney) and reproductive tract (vaginal fluid, uterus, uterine tube, ovary and placenta) were collected from 42 slaughtered cows. Diagnostic tests included were the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial isolation. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 27 (64.3%) of the animals analyzed using MAT at a 1:50 dilution (cut-off 50), while 31 (73.8%) animals had at least one organ/fluid where the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA was identified, and 29 animals (69%) were positive at bacteriological culture. The highest sensitivity values for MAT were obtained at the cut-off point of 50. In conclusion, even under hot and dry climate conditions, it is possible that Leptospira spp. can spread through alternative routes such as venereal transmission; moreover, a cut-off of 50 is recommended for the serological diagnosis of cattle from the Caatinga biome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology

et al. 2023

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“…Temperature is a major factor leptospires must navigate within the environments they encounter over their lifecycle. Leptospirosis is most common in tropical environments where frequent rainfall, warm temperatures, and soil pH create optimum environments for the survival and environmental persistence of Leptospira [25]. This can be illustrated in the context of the natural lifecycle of Leptospira, which may be shed in the urine of an infected host (leaving an host kidney similar to 37˚C) to a cooler, moist environment (soil, grass, forage, water source, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct transcriptional profiles of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains JB197 and HB203 cultured at different temperatures

et al. 2021

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Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic, bacterial disease, posing significant health risks to humans, livestock, and companion animals around the world. Symptoms range from asymptomatic to multi-organ failure in severe cases. Complex species-specific interactions exist between animal hosts and the infecting species, serovar, and strain of pathogen. Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains HB203 and JB197 have a high level of genetic homology but cause different clinical presentation in the hamster model of infection; HB203 colonizes the kidney and presents with chronic shedding while JB197 causes severe organ failure and mortality. This study examines the transcriptome of L. borgpetersenii and characterizes differential gene expression profiles of strains HB203 and JB197 cultured at temperatures during routine laboratory conditions (29°C) and encountered during host infection (37°C). Methodology/Principal findings L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains JB197 and HB203 were isolated from the kidneys of experimentally infected hamsters and maintained at 29°C and 37°C. RNAseq revealed distinct gene expression profiles; 440 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between JB197 and HB203 at 29°C, and 179 genes were DE between strains at 37°C. Comparison of JB197 cultured at 29°C and 37°C identified 135 DE genes while 41 genes were DE in HB203 with those same culture conditions. The consistent DE of ligB, which encodes the outer membrane virulence factor LigB, was validated by immunoblotting and 2D-DIGE. Differential expression of lipopolysaccharide was also observed between JB197 and HB203. Conclusions/Significance Investigation of the L. borgpetersenii JB197 and HB203 transcriptome provides unique insight into the mechanistic differences between acute and chronic disease. Characterizing the nuances of strain to strain differences and investigating the environmental sensitivity of Leptospira to temperature is critical to the development and progress of leptospirosis prevention and treatment technologies, and is an important consideration when serovars are selected and propagated for use as bacterin vaccines as well as for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.

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“…However, the cost of problems besides abortion which are common and frequent has not yet been estimated. The climatic conditions such as warm temperatures, soil pH and the high rainfall, are favorable for the existence of Leptospira and also for the long term preservation of its pathogenicity (Martins and Lilenbaum, 2015;Andre-Fontaine et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis and Its Association With Reproductive and Productive Parameters From Buffalo Population of Rajanpur and Muzaffargarh Districts of Pakistan

2020

THE JAPS

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Leptospirosis is one of the important infectious diseases adversely affecting the fertility and reproductive parameters of domestic animals. The current study was aimed to investigate the sero-prevalence of leptospirosis and its association with reproductive and productive parameters from buffalo population of Rajanpur and Muzaffargarh districts of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 386 buffalo serum samples were analyzed for anti-leptospira antibodies through indirect ELISA using "Anti-Leptospira IgG kit". The information regarding disease determinants were captured in questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to correlate the potential risk factors with the disease dynamics. The results revealed an overall 12.69% prevalence of leptospirosis in both of the study districts, with higher percentage reported in district Rajanpur followed by Muzaffargarh presenting 20.72 and 04.66% prevalence at significant difference (p≤0.05), respectively. The univariable analysis found district, estrus repetition, body condition score and history of retained placenta as significant candidates (p ≤ 0.05) while, multivariable logistic regression presented district, gender of animal and estrus repetition as the key risk factors (Odds Ratio>1). The study concluded that leptospirosis is prevalent in study districts and there is association of assumed risk factors with disease dynamics, which demands early installment of control strategies before the disease become unleashed.

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Comments of Environmental Conditions for the Maintenance of Leptospira in Tropical Scenarios

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology

Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology

Distinct transcriptional profiles of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strains JB197 and HB203 cultured at different temperatures

Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis and Its Association With Reproductive and Productive Parameters From Buffalo Population of Rajanpur and Muzaffargarh Districts of Pakistan

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