Comments on a Redefinition of Biological Control

Garcia, R.; Caltagirone, L. E.; Gutierrez, A. P.

doi:10.2307/1310871

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Smith more than 90 years ago (Caltagirone & Huffaker, 1980;Cook, 1987;Coppel & Mertins, 1977;DeBach & Rosen, 1991;Garcia et al, 1988;see Huffaker & Messenger, 1976;Perkins & Garcia, 1999;Rabb, 1972;Smith, 1919). In its strictest sense, biological control is the use of beneficial organisms to reduce the relative abundance of, and damage caused by, noxious ones.…”

Section: Biological Control Of Insect Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to Chemical Control of Insect Pests

Rebek¹,

Frank²,

Royer³

et al. 2012

Insecticides - Basic and Other Applications

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Section: Biological Control Of Insect Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to Chemical Control of Insect Pests

Rebek¹,

Frank²,

Royer³

et al. 2012

Insecticides - Basic and Other Applications

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“…This is clearly an exciting field of research; but as far as I am concerned only some of it is biocontrol. As pointed out by Garcia et al (1988), there is a danger of biocontrol meaning whatever the speaker wants it to mean. The issue is further complicated by government legislation and regulations that define and divide biocontrol for their own purposes.…”

Section: Definition Of Biocontrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invitation Paper (C.P. Alexander Fund): Classical Biocontrol of Weeds: Its Definition, Selection of Effective Agents, and Administrative–political Problems

Harris¹

1991

Can Entomol

146

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Dilemmas in weed biocontrol are wide ranging. Even the term biological control is confusing as meanings may be restricted to the use of parasites and predators or extend to the use of all non-chemical means of control. Another problem is that two-thirds of the agents released do not become numerous enough to inflict major damage to the weed population, although this statistic is misleading as it includes agents costing little in pre-release studies where failure is of little consequence and those costing about two scientist years each, or currently about $400,000. Many of the suggestions for improvement are costly and time consuming. Delay is unacceptable where agent release is seen by sponsors as a mark of progress in a program likely to require 20 years and funding is difficult. Analysis of previous biocontrol attempts for attributes of "success" have been disappointing, partly because there are a number of steps involved, each with its own attributes. This paper recognizes four graded "success" steps and discusses many agent selection methods.There are public demands for a change in emphasis from chemical to biological control; but in the absence of effective enabling legislation, the practice of biocontrol can be legally and politically hazardous; biocontrol should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team but it is usually assigned to a single scientist; it needs to branch in new directions to remain scientifically stimulating, but this increases the risk of failure. Possible solutions for these dilemmas are discussed.

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“…To lower the use of pesticides even further, IPM programs must include major nonchemical control measures such as biological control (Stage II IPM). Biological control typically involves the direct or indirect manipulation of natural enemies (predators, parasites, and pathogens) to suppress pest insect, weed, or plant pathogen populations through antagonistic species interactions (Garcia et al 1988). Although biologically-based pest management methods such as-development of pest-resistant plants, genetic manipulations (eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Pest Controls: Possibilities for Improved Implementation in Iowa

Orr

1990

Proceedings of the Integrated Crop Management Conference

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Comments on a Redefinition of Biological Control

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Alternatives to Chemical Control of Insect Pests

Alternatives to Chemical Control of Insect Pests

Invitation Paper (C.P. Alexander Fund): Classical Biocontrol of Weeds: Its Definition, Selection of Effective Agents, and Administrative–political Problems

Biological Pest Controls: Possibilities for Improved Implementation in Iowa

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