“…Bimetal Preparation Procedure. The preparation process was similar to our previous study (eq 1), 9,18 but the complexants (e.g., EDTA-2Na) were added into the CuSO 4 plating solution (eq 2), 19 and the obtained mFe/ Cu bimetal was labeled as "mFe/nCu", in which "m" represented the micrograde and "n" indicated the nanograde. In addition, the optimization of preparation parameters (e.g., TML Cu , molar ratios of Cu/EDTA (for convenience, EDTA-2Na was written as EDTA in this paper), types of complexing agent, temperature, stirring speed, and volume of plating solution) was performed thoroughly in this study.…”