Commercial Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) for Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer Applications: Performance, Durability, and Materials Advancement

Ng, Wei Keat; Wong, Wai Yin; Rosli, Nur Adiera Hanna; Loh, Kee Shyuan

doi:10.3390/separations10080424

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The incorporation of rigid structures, such as aromatic rings or perfluorinated structures, plays an important role in ensuring the mechanical stability of the membrane. 119 A variety of materials are used as backbones in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), including oxidation-resistant fluorinated polymers, aromatic polymers derived from hydrocarbons, condensed polymers, and block polymers.…”

Section: Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on direct borohydride fuel cells

Liu,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Chem. Commun.

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Section: Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on direct borohydride fuel cells

Liu,

Zhang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Chem. Commun.

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“…However, in the absence of emissions limitations or penalties, the cost of H 2 production by electrolysis must be decreased significantly to compete with production from fossil fuels. − Liquid alkaline (LA) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers have demonstrated success at the commercial scale, but they are limited by efficiency and cost, respectively. Anion exchange membrane electrolysis (AEMWE) is an emerging technology that seeks to combine the benefits of the alkaline environment of LAWE, which enables the use of inexpensive, earth-abundant catalysts and stack components, and the zero-gap architecture of PEMWE, which enables high efficiencies and dynamic operation. , Research efforts have resulted in improved alkaline catalysts and membranes that have increased performance toward that of PEMWE, but significant challenges remain in terms of efficiency and durability to meet cost targets. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 , 8 Research efforts have resulted in improved alkaline catalysts and membranes that have increased performance toward that of PEMWE, but significant challenges remain in terms of efficiency and durability to meet cost targets. 2 , 9 − 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Anode Catalyst Conductivity and Loading on Catalyst Layer Utilization and Performance for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Kreider,

Yu,

Osmieri

et al. 2024

ACS Catal.

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology to produce hydrogen from low-cost, renewable power sources. Recently, the efficiency and durability of AEMWE have improved significantly due to advances in the anion exchange polymers and catalysts. To achieve performances and lifetimes competitive with proton exchange membrane or liquid alkaline electrolyzers, however, improvements in the integration of materials into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are needed. In particular, the integration of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, ionomer, and transport layer in the anode catalyst layer has significant impacts on catalyst utilization and voltage losses due to the transport of gases, hydroxide ions, and electrons within the anode. This study investigates the effects of the properties of the OER catalyst and the catalyst layer morphology on performance. Using cross-sectional electron microscopy and in-plane conductivity measurements for four PGM-free catalysts, we determine the catalyst layer thickness, uniformity, and electronic conductivity and further use a transmission line model to relate these properties to the catalyst layer resistance and utilization. We find that increased loading is beneficial for catalysts with high electronic conductivity and uniform catalyst layers, resulting in up to 55% increase in current density at 2 V due to decreased kinetic and catalyst layer resistance losses, while for catalysts with lower conductivity and/or less uniform catalyst layers, there is minimal impact. This work provides important insights into the role of catalyst layer properties beyond intrinsic catalyst activity in AEMWE performance.

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“…Then, H 2 is generated as another by-product. H 2 is separately generated from Cl 2 using an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and two separate electrodes [1]. However, H 2 purification is necessary for industrial high-grade products [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective H2 Evolution and CO2 Absorption in Electrolysis of Ethanolamine Aqueous Solutions

Fukada,

Sakai,

Oya

et al. 2023

Separations

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Selective H2 evolution and CO2 absorption in several ethanolamine aqueous solutions are comparatively investigated using a new electrolysis reactor. H2 bubbles are generated from a cathode in any ethanolamine electrolyte, and its experimental gas evolution rates are correlated by Faraday’s first rule. No or smaller amounts of CO2 and N2 bubbles than stoichiometric ones are generated on an anode through the reaction between hydroxide ions and ethanolamine ones. No CO or O2 is observed in the system exhaust, and most of the CO2, along with N2, is still absorbed in ethanolamine aqueous solutions with the addition of KOH and/or HCOOH under high pH conditions. Variations of the concentrations of coexisting ions dissolved in the electrolytes of mono- or tri-ethanolamine (MEA or TEA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) solutions with CO2 absorption are calculated using the equilibrium constants to relate the concentrations of solute ions. Electric resistivities of the ethanolamine aqueous solutions are correlated by the pH value and are analyzed in terms of equilibrium constants among the concentrations of coexisting ions. Conditions of the MEA electrolyte to achieve high-performance electrolysis is discussed for selective H2 generation.

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Commercial Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) for Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer Applications: Performance, Durability, and Materials Advancement

Cited by 15 publications

References 139 publications

Research progress on direct borohydride fuel cells

Research progress on direct borohydride fuel cells

Understanding the Effects of Anode Catalyst Conductivity and Loading on Catalyst Layer Utilization and Performance for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Selective H2 Evolution and CO2 Absorption in Electrolysis of Ethanolamine Aqueous Solutions

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