Commercial scale production of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. 1797) using rubber and bamboo sawdust substrates in tropical regions

Abstract

Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the most sought out mushrooms that is widely used for both direct consumption and medicinal purposes. While its demand increases worldwide, cultivation of the mushroom is limited to temperate areas and its production in tropical regions has never been explored. The aim of this study was to test the utilization of rubber and bamboo sawdust, alone or as a substrate mixture, for industrial scale Yamabushitake mushroom production. Five substrate treatments with various ratios of the two sawdust were compared for their physicochemical properties in relation to mushroom productivity. The highest mushroom fresh and dry (113.22 and 23.25 g, respectively), biological efficiency (42.61%), and cap size (9.53 cm) were obtained from the substrates containing 100% rubber sawdust, with the mushroom yield decreasing proportional to the ratio of bamboo sawdust. The 100% rubber sawdust substrate provided a higher initial organic matter and carbon content together with C:N ratio at 63.2%, 36.7% and 65.48, respectively, whereas the 100% bamboo sawdust provided higher nitrogen content (1.03%), which was associated with lower mushroom yield but higher number of fruiting bodies. As in the 100% rubber sawdust substrate, a comparable mushroom yield and growth attributes were also obtained in the 3:1 rubber-bamboo sawdust mixture substrate. Principle component analysis of the measured variables indicated a strong influence of substrate C:N ratio before spawning and the change in substrate electrical conductivity and N content after cultivation to the variation in mushroom productivity among the treatments. The results demonstrate the applicability of rubber sawdust and its combination with up to 25% of bamboo sawdust for Yamabushitake mushroom cultivation and provide the basis for substrate optimization in the tropical Yamabushitake mushroom industry through a circular economy framework.

Exogenous Application of Coconut Water to Promote Growth and Increase the Yield, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity for Hericium erinaceus Cultivation

“…The present study used a modified method based on the approach developed by Chutimanukul et al [26] for the analysis of nutrient content, which consisted of the analysis of total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), and total potassium (K). The nitrogen in the substrate was analyzed by using an elemental analyzer CHNS/O Analyzer, phosphorus (P) was analyzed by using a UV-Spectrophotometer UV-1280, Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) at the wavelength of 882 nm, and potassium (K) by using a flame photometer 410C, Sherwood Scientific Ltd. (Cambridge, UK).…”

“…In the process of H. erinaceus cultivation, when it reached the fruiting body opening stage, 4 mL (by using an auto pipette to measure into the spray bottle) of coconut water was sprayed to touch the spawning surface once after the fruiting body opening process. Upon the completion of the harvesting period, each experimental mushroom was collected and characterized in the following manner: Number of H. erinaceus caps in each bottle (cap), and the quantification of caps in each inoculum was performed according to the method of Chutimanukul et al [26] by segregating the mushrooms at the stalk junctions and calculating the mean number of caps obtained as growth values (Figure 1). Then, the diameter of the fruit bodies of H. erinaceus (centimeter) was measured using a vernier caliper.…”

“…The ethanol extraction process was conducted as outlined by Chutimanukul et al [26]. The fresh fruit bodies of H. erinaceus were oven-dried at 65 • C for 48 h, then ground into powder and stored in sealed containers before analysis.…”