Commercial weight loss diets meet nutrient requirements in free living adults over 8 weeks: A randomised controlled weight loss trial

Truby, Helen; Hiscutt, R; Herriot, A; Stanley, M. W.; deLooy, Anne; Fox, Keith R.; Baic, Sue; Robson, Paula J.; Macdonald, I. A.; Taylor, Moira A.; Ware, Robert S.; Logan, Catherine M; Livingstone, Barbara

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-25

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Reductions in carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations were reported after an Atkins diet, while there were increases in carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations after a “Paleolithic” diet . The “Paleolithic” diet also showed an increase in vitamin C intake, reflecting advice to consume more fruits than typical Atkins diets, which mostly showed reductions in vitamin C intakes (Figure ). However, one trial with a modified Atkins diet showed an increase in plasma vitamin C concentration, probably because fruit juice was included in the meals provided …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Summary A systematic review of published evidence on micronutrient intake/status with carbohydrate‐restricted diets (CRD) was conducted in Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and http://ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2018. We identified 10 studies: seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (“Atkins”‐style, n = 5; “Paleolithic” diets, n = 2), two Atkins‐style noncontrolled trials and one cross‐sectional study. Prescribed carbohydrate varied 4% to 34% of energy intake. Only one noncontrolled trial prescribed multivitamin supplements. Dietary intakes/status were reported over 2 to 104 weeks, with weight losses from 2 to 9 kg. No diagnoses of deficiency were reported. Intakes of thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium, iron, and iodine all decreased significantly (−10% to −70% from baseline) with any CRD types. Atkins diet trials (n = 6; 4%‐34%E carbohydrate) showed inconsistent changes in vitamin A, E, and β‐carotene intakes, while a single “Paleolithic” diet trial (28%E carbohydrate) reported increases in these micronutrients. One other “Paleolithic” diet (30%E carbohydrate) reported a rise in moderate iodine deficiency from 15% to 73% after 6 months. In conclusion, few studies have assessed the impacts of CRD on micronutrients. Studies with different designs point towards reductions in several vitamins and minerals, with potential risk of micronutrient inadequacies. Trial reporting standards are expected to include analysis of micronutrient intake/status. Micronutrients in foods and/or supplements should be considered when designing, prescribing or following CRDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Across several studies that evaluated micronutrient adequacy, many of the micronutrients that consistently fell short of the recommended daily intake are essential for metabolism, energy, and bone health (B vitamins, iron, calcium, and magnesium) [20][21][22]. The caveats of these studies are that food records were often self-reported and the studies included selected groups (ie, overweight, obese) who usually tend to inaccurately report their true food intakes.…”

Section: Mrs and Micronutrients Adequacymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a recent trial designed to evaluate individuals' ability to adjust to diet routines, free-living overweight and obese adults were able to adapt to four different popular commercial diet programs with fairly minimal, if any, professional guidance [20]. All intervention groups showed variable micronutrient inadequacies, except for the diet plan that included MRs. That arm showed only a decline in niacin (95% of recommended), but adequate other micronutrients similar to baseline.…”

Section: Mrs and Micronutrients Adequacymentioning

confidence: 98%

Weight Management Using a Meal Replacement Strategy in Type 2 Diabetes

Hamdy

Zwiefelhofer

2010

Curr Diab Rep

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The growing prevalence of diabetes parallels the increased prevalence of obesity. Overweight and obese individuals with diabetes who attempt weight reduction face considerable challenges. However, several recent studies showed that weight reduction in patients with diabetes is feasible using a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates structured dietary intervention and meal replacements (MRs). Nutritionally complete MRs are shown to be useful at the start of weight reduction programs and for weight maintenance because of their nutrition adequacy. However, patients using this approach need to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and may need to adjust their diabetes medications. Most commercial MRs are currently fortified with vitamins and minerals to prevent long-term deficiency in essential micronutrients that are commonly seen in low-calorie diet plans. They also come in different flavors and formats that improve their general acceptability. To successfully initiate weight loss, MRs are generally used as absolute replacement of an agreed upon number of meals/snacks. This article covers the use of MRs for patients with diabetes for short-term and long-term weight reduction in clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.

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“…A few longitudinal studies have examined the association between changes in dietary patterns and a reduction in BMI (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . There is evidence in the literature that several web-based weight-loss interventions are efficient at supporting weight loss (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) . In this regard, these programmes can support participants by identifying dietary patterns and can also be used for collecting precise long-term and comprehensive nutrition data (25) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes of dietary patterns during participation in a web-based weight-reduction programme

Luger¹,

Aspalter²,

Luger³

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the weight-loss success associated with distinct dietary patterns and to determine changes of these dietary patterns during participation in a web-based weight-reduction programme. Design: Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns of twenty-two food groups that were administered in 14 d dietary protocols at baseline and after 3 months. Successful weight loss (≥5 % of initial weight) and BMI were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the rates of weight-loss success from each dietary pattern and changing or remaining in the initial dietary pattern. A generalised linear mixed model was used to estimate the effects of changing or staying in a dietary pattern on change in BMI. Subjects: Adults (n 1635) aged 18-81 years. Setting: Users of a web-based weight-reduction programme (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Results: Participants who aligned to a healthful dietary pattern at baseline (OR = 1·8; 95 % CI 1·5, 2·3) and after 3 months (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI 1·2, 1·9) had a greater chance of successfully losing weight. After adjusting for age, sex, initial dietary pattern and BMI, participants who started with or changed to the healthful dietary pattern had a greater chance of being successful (OR = 1·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 1·7) and a higher BMI reduction of 0·30 (95 % CI 0·2, 0·5) kg/m 2 compared with those who started with or changed to the energy-dense or high-carbohydrate dietary pattern. Conclusions: A favourable healthful dietary pattern at the beginning and after 3 months was positively associated with anthropometry. However, successful weight loss was feasible in each dietary pattern. Key words Dietary patternsWeight loss Factor analysis Online weight-reduction programme In Europe, more than 50 % of men and women are overweight (1) . A BMI above 30 kg/m 2 is present in 21 % of women and 22 % of men aged 20 years or older (2) . Moreover, worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has almost doubled between 1980 and 2008 (1) . Obesity is an important health risk for diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, CVD and others (3) . Nevertheless, weight is adjustable, and a moderate weight reduction of 5-10 % is associated with enhanced health benefits (4) . Weight gain is the result of an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure; however, the effect of different dietary factors on weight gain or weight loss remains unclear (5)

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Commercial weight loss diets meet nutrient requirements in free living adults over 8 weeks: A randomised controlled weight loss trial

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

Weight Management Using a Meal Replacement Strategy in Type 2 Diabetes

Changes of dietary patterns during participation in a web-based weight-reduction programme

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