Comminution and fluidization of granular fault materials: implications for fault slip behavior

Monzawa, Nobuaki; Otsuki, Kenshiro

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(03)00133-1

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Fractal dimension from the grain size distribution in the ''web'' structure shows about 2.5 (Figure 2). The value is close to the maximum value reported from gouges such as Nojima fault, Japan [Monzawa and Otsuki, 2003]. …”

Section: Grain Size Distribution Of the Host And ''Web'' Of Sandstonesupporting

confidence: 83%

Tectonolithification of sandstone prior to the onset of seismogenic subduction zone: Evidence from tectonic mélange of the Shimanto Belt, Japan

Hashimoto

Nakaya

Itô

et al. 2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] The deformation and diagenetic processes in sandstone blocks in underthrusted tectonic mélange from the Shimanto Belt, Japan, were analyzed to understand the onset of seismogenesis in subduction zones. The earliest deformation is characterized by ''web'' cataclasis with grain size reduction in association with ubiquitously developed microshears. A porosity of about 10 ± 3% is estimated for this stage. Subsequently, pore cementation of the sandstone by calcite, quartz, and chlorite occurred, together with pressure solution along the web margin. The porosity suggests a depth of about 3 km below seafloor. Finally, the sandstones were boudinaged, and tension gashes were filled by quartz veins in the neck of the boudins. At this stage, cementation was fully accomplished, and the porosity of the sandstone was reduced to less than a few percent. The final deformation was due to shear parallel to the layering. P-T conditions for the final necking were about 150-190°C and 150-200 MPa, coinciding with the upper part of the seismogenic zone. Our study on the mélange suggests that relative plate motion is partitioned in time and space in a plate boundary zone.Components: 3935 words, 4 figures, 1 table.

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Section: Grain Size Distribution Of the Host And ''Web'' Of Sandstonesupporting

confidence: 83%

Tectonolithification of sandstone prior to the onset of seismogenic subduction zone: Evidence from tectonic mélange of the Shimanto Belt, Japan

Hashimoto

Nakaya

Itô

et al. 2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The fractal dimensions we found are higher, possibly because our samples were deformed later again during a subsequent episode, or because we analyzed more grains and studied a wider range of smaller grain sizes. Our results for the pseudotachylyte-related ultracataclasites of the Nojima fault (624.41 m depth) are comparable to the observations of Monzawa and Otsuki (2003), who studied the grain size distribution of larger grains for the Nojima and three other fault zones. We were able to measure the sizes of the very small grains with the Scanning Electron Microscope.…”

Section: The Latest Events: Thin Fault Gouge Zonessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We report higher D values for cataclasites (2.5) than for fractured fault rocks (1.6) within the Nojima fault. The difference may be due to increasing strain or variations in confining pressure (Amitrano and Schmittbuhl, 2002) or to additional active processes in cataclasites such as fluidization as suggested by Monzawa and Otsuki (2003). However, more measurements are needed on different types of fault rocks in order to test the response of the grain size distributions to quiescent periods during which compaction or recrystallization mechanisms may occur as suggested by studies of experimental and naturally deformed fault rocks (Keulen et al, 2003a, b).…”

Section: The Latest Events: Thin Fault Gouge Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural evolution of the Nojima fault (Awaji Island, Japan) revisited from the GSJ drill hole at Hirabayashi

et al. 2014

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Following the Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake (January 17, 1995, Mw=7.2), three drillholes were sunk through the Nojima Fault (Awaji Island, Japan). Textural and petrographic studies of the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) drill cores allow recognition of two deformation episodes. The first one is older than the deposition of the Middle to Late Eocene Kobe Group, corresponds to a left-lateral movement on the Nojima fault and is expressed by pseudotachylytes, kinking of biotite crystals in the low-strain rocks and an intense laumontite hydrothermal alteration. The second one displaces the basal unconformity of the Kobe group, corresponds to a right-lateral reverse displacement and is expressed at least by carbonate-filled hydraulic fractures and thin gouge zones. Different important deformation mechanisms are recorded by the fault rocks, but questions relating to the attribution of deformation and alteration features to one or other deformation episodes remain unresolved.

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“…Fluidized behavior in a collection of particles is characterized by particle movement along a free path between collisions with other particles. Deformation of a fluidized material may result in a random fabric, although depending on the fluidization regime (frictional, macroviscous, or grain inertia), some grain size segregation or other layered flow fabric may develop Monzawa and Otsuki, 2003;Ujiie et al, 2007]. On the basis of observed microstructures, particularly of the spherical CCA, Boutareaud et al [2008Boutareaud et al [ , 2010 conclude that the deformation of Unit 3 reflects vaporization of liquid water in the gouge during frictional heating.…”

Section: Units 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐speed friction of disaggregated ultracataclasite in rotary shear: Characterization of frictional heating, mechanical behavior, and microstructure evolution

et al. 2010

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[1] To understand the frictional behavior of natural faults at seismic slip rates, high-speed rotary shear experiments were conducted on disaggregated ultracataclasite from the Punchbowl fault. The experimental gouge layers were sheared at normal stresses of 0.2-1.3 MPa and velocities of 0.1-1.3 m/s to total displacements of 1.3-84 m. We employ thermomechanical FEM models and microstructural observations to consider spatial and temporal variation of normal stress and temperature in the samples and understand microprocesses. Four distinct gouge units form during shear. A slightly sheared starting material (Unit 1) and a strongly sheared and foliated gouge (Unit 2) are produced when frictional heating is insignificant and the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.4-0.6. A random fabric gouge with rounded prophyroclasts (Unit 3) and an extremely fine, microfoliated layer (Unit 4) develop when significant frictional heating occurs at greater velocity and normal stress, and the coefficient of sliding friction drops to approximately 0.2. Unit 3 forms at the critical temperature for vaporization of water and is associated with localization of slip to Unit 4 and elevation of temperature. The critical displacement for dynamic weakening in the rotary configuration can be understood as a consequence of the progressive inward migration of the friction-generated thermal front and the weaker localized slip surface and associated fluidized zone.Citation: Kitajima, H., J. S. Chester, F. M. Chester, and T. Shimamoto (2010), High-speed friction of disaggregated ultracataclasite in rotary shear: Characterization of frictional heating, mechanical behavior, and microstructure evolution,

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Comminution and fluidization of granular fault materials: implications for fault slip behavior

Cited by 75 publications

References 42 publications

Tectonolithification of sandstone prior to the onset of seismogenic subduction zone: Evidence from tectonic mélange of the Shimanto Belt, Japan

Tectonolithification of sandstone prior to the onset of seismogenic subduction zone: Evidence from tectonic mélange of the Shimanto Belt, Japan

Structural evolution of the Nojima fault (Awaji Island, Japan) revisited from the GSJ drill hole at Hirabayashi

High‐speed friction of disaggregated ultracataclasite in rotary shear: Characterization of frictional heating, mechanical behavior, and microstructure evolution

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