Commissioning and first result of undulator based atomic, molecular, and optical sciences (AMOS) beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source

Abstract

We present a comprehensive overview of the commissioning process and initial results of a synchrotron beamline dedicated to atomic, molecular, and optical sciences at the BL-5 undulator port of the Indus-2 synchrotron facility, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology, Indore, India. The beamline delivers a photon flux of ∼1012 photons/s with high resolving power (∼10 000) over an energy range of 6–800 eV, making it suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy in atomic, molecular, and optical science. The energy tunability from vacuum ultraviolet to soft x-ray (6–800 eV) is achieved through a varied line spacing plane grating monochromator with four gratings: very low energy (VLEG), low energy (LEG), medium energy (MEG), and high energy (HEG). These gratings cover ranges of 6–18, 15–45, 42–126, and 90–800 eV, respectively. A differential pumping system allows windowless transmission of VUV and soft x-ray photons for gas-phase spectroscopic experiments. The beamline also includes an x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) station for solid samples. To demonstrate efficiency, a spectrum was recorded using all four gratings in the 6–300 eV energy range. Standard spectra of Xe and O2 verified the resolution, achieving a resolving power of 7740 with the VLEG, consistent with design specifications. XAS spectra of Cu M, C, and O K-edges were also obtained using MEG and HEG. Details on vacuum level, grating operation, and the first commissioning experiments are presented.