Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey

Bragard, Claude; Baptista, Paula; Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet; Gonthier, Paolo; Miret, Josep Anton Jaques; Justesen, Annemarie Fejer; MacLeod, Alan; Magnusson, Christer Sven; Milonas, Panagiotis; Navas‐Cortés, Juan A; Parnell, Stephen; Potting, Roel; Reignault, Philippe Lucien; Stefani, Emilio; Thulke, Hans‐Hermann; Werf, Wopke Van der; Civera, Antonio Vicent; Zappalà, Lucia; Lucchi, Andrea; Gómez, Pedro; Urek, Gregor; Bernardo, Umberto; Bubici, Giovanni; Carluccio, Anna Vittoria; Chiumenti, Michela; Serio, Francesco Di; Fanelli, Elena; Gardi, Ciro; Marzachı̀, Cristina; Mosbach‐Schulz, Olaf; Yuen, Jonathan

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7301

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…According to EFSA PLH Panel ( 2022 ), C. baileyi feeding causes browning on the underside of apple leaves, partial defoliation, rolled and distorted leaves, russet on fruit, and delays or inhibition of plant apical growth (Abou‐Awad et al., 2011 ; Briones & McDaniel, 1976 ; Creelman, 1971 ). Partial defoliation can reduce the productivity of the plants (Abou‐Awad et al., 2011 ; Creelman, 1971 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest categorisation of Calepitrimerus baileyi

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Bailey's rust mite, Calepitrimerus baileyi Keifer (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), following the commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Türkiye performed by EFSA, in which C. baileyi was identified as a pest of possible concern to the European Union. This mite is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. The eriophyid is known to occur in Africa, America, Asia, Europe (Greece and Serbia) and Oceania on Malus spp., which is the only confirmed host genus for C. baileyi . Plants for planting of Malus spp. are the main potential pathway for entry into the EU. However, plants for planting of the genus Malus Mill. are considered as high‐risk plants (EU 2018/2019) and therefore prohibited from entering the EU unless granted a country‐specific derogation. This is the case for the import of Malus spp. plants for planting from Serbia ((EU) 2020/1361 corrected by 2022/1309). Therefore, this derogation could provide a plausible entry pathway for C. baileyi into the EU. Climatic conditions and the ample availability of the host, Malus spp., in the EU are conducive for establishment, as proven by the occurrence of C. baileyi in Greece. However, the species is not reported as having an impact in Greece, despite reports of damage outside the EU. Measures to prevent further entry and spread of C. baileyi in the EU are available. C. baileyi satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. However, uncertainties about the distribution of C. baileyi within the EU and its impact on apples in the EU are considered key and affect the confidence of conclusions for this categorisation.

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Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pest categorisation was initiated following the commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Türkiye performed by EFSA (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022 ), in which C. baileyi was identified as a relevant non‐regulated EU pest which could potentially enter the EU on M. domestica plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Calepitrimerus baileyi

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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“…This pest categorisation was initiated following the commodity risk assessments of Berberis thunbergii potted plants from Türkiye (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022a ), Malus domestica plants for planting from Türkiye (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022b ), and Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants from Türkiye (EFSA PLH Panel, 2023 ) in which M. parallela came to attention as an actionable pest. It is noteworthy that EPPO recommended M. parallela for regulation in 2003 when it was added to the EPPO A2 list of pests recommended for regulation in the EPPO region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Malacosoma parallela

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Malacosoma parallela (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) for the territory of the European Union, following commodity risk assessments of Berberis thunbergii, Malus domestica, Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants for planting from Türkiye, in which M. parallela came to attention as of possible concern. M. parallela is commonly known as the mountain ring silk moth and is a polyphagous leaf‐eating pest in west‐central Asia, primarily feeding on deciduous trees and shrubs, and known to cause serious damage to Malus, Prunus, and Quercus species. It is found at a range of altitudes from 130 m to 3000 m although most common above 1000 m. It is a univoltine species. Eggs are laid in masses on twigs and branches in the summer and larvae hatch the following spring to feed on buds and fresh leaves. Host plants can be completely defoliated. Plants for planting and cut branches provide pathways for entry, especially if infested with egg masses. Host availability and climate suitability suggest that parts of the EU would be suitable for establishment. Adults can fly and the pest could spread naturally within the EU although adults only live for a few days. Faster and more extensive spread is therefore more likely via egg masses moved on plants for planting. The introduction of M. parallela into the EU could lead to outbreaks causing damage to deciduous trees and shrubs in forests and orchards. Phytosanitary measures are available to inhibit the entry and spread of this species. M. parallela satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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“…This pest categorisation was initiated following the commodity risk assessments of Malus domestica , Prunus persica and P. dulcis plants from Türkiye performed by EFSA (EFSA PLH Panel, 2022, 2023), in which D. unifasciatus was identified as a relevant non‐regulated EU pest which could potentially enter the EU on M. domestica, P. persica and P. dulcis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Didesmococcus unifasciatus

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae) for the EU following commodity risk assessments of Malus domestica (apple), Prunus dulcis (almond) and P. persica (peach) plants for planting from T € urkiye in which D. unifasciatus was identified as a pest that could potentially enter the EU. It was first described in Uzbekistan and is widely distributed in Central and Western Asia, including T € urkiye (where it was recently reported as limited to the Hakkari and Diyarbakir regions in the Asian part of the country). It has not been reported within the EU. It is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. It completes one generation per year; a female lays between 1,500 and 2,400 eggs. It feeds on several important fruit trees of the family Rosaceae (e.g. P. dulcis, M. domestica), as well as Ficus carica and Ulmus sp. Most of its hosts are widely cultivated in the EU. Woody plants for planting and cut branches are the main potential pathways for entry of D. unifasciatus into the EU. Climatic conditions and availability of host plants would likely allow this species to establish and spread in southern parts of the EU. Just as in other invaded areas, the presence of many of its natural enemies in the EU is likely to prevent the scale from becoming an economic or environmental pest. Nevertheless, phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and spread. Considering the weight of evidence, D. unifasciatus does not meet all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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Commodity risk assessment of Malus domestica plants from Turkey

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Pest categorisation of Calepitrimerus baileyi

Pest categorisation of Calepitrimerus baileyi

Pest categorisation of Malacosoma parallela

Pest categorisation of Didesmococcus unifasciatus

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