Many economic environments can be modelled as common agency games-that is, games where multiple principals contract simultaneously and noncooperatively with the same agent.
1Despite their relevance for applications, the analysis of these games has been made difficult by the fact that one cannot safely assume that the agent selects a contract with each principal by simply reporting his "type" (i.e., his exogenous payoff-relevant information). In other words, the central tool of mechanism design theory-the Revelation Principle-is invalid in these games. 2 The reason is that the agent's preferences over the contracts offered by one principal depend not only on his type, but also on the contracts he has been offered by the other principals. We refer to the players who offer the contracts either as the principals or as the mechanism designers. The two expressions are intended as synonyms. Furthermore, we adopt the convention of using feminine pronouns for the principals and masculine pronouns for the agent. Depending on the application of interest, a contract can be a price-quantity pair, as in the case of competion in nonlinear tariffs; a multidimensional bid, as in menu auctions; or an incentive scheme, as in moral hazard settings. * Pavan: Department of Economics, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road Arthur Andersen Hall 329 Evanston, IL 60208-2600 (e-mail: alepavan@northwestern.edu). Calzolari: Department of Economics University of Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli 2 40126 Bologna Italy and CEPR (e-mail: giacomo.calzolari@unibo.it). This is a substantial revision of an earlier paper that circulated under the same title. For useful discussions, we thank seminar participants at various conferences and institutions where this paper has been presented. A special thank is to Eddie Dekel, Mike Peters, Marciano Siniscalchi, Jean Tirole, and three anonymous referees for suggestions that helped us improve the paper. We are grateful to Itai Sher for excellent research assistance. For its hospitality, Pavan also thanks Collegio Carlo Alberto (Turin), where this project was completed.† To comment on this article in the online discussion forum, or to view additional materials, visit the articles page at http://www.