Common and distinct neurofunctional representations of core and social disgust in the brain: Coordinate-based and network meta-analyses

Action and emotion perception in Parkinson’s disease: A neuroimaging meta-analysis

“…The ALE subtraction scores were converted to Z scores. For the between-group comparisons, given the unavailability of family wise error type corrected cluster-level inference in the GingerALE software ( Hoffman and Morcom, 2018 ), we adopted a conventional uncorrected p < 0.05 threshold (as in previous publications, see for example, Alain et al, 2018 , Gan et al, 2022 , Huang et al, 2020 , Papitto et al, 2020 ) and a minimum cluster volume size of 100 mm 3 with 1,000 permutations. For exploratory purposes, in order to also reveal possible increased or decreased meta -analytic activation effects showing a trend towards statistical significance, we also run the within-group analyses adopting a slightly less conservative statistical threshold of < 0.1 cluster-level threshold with family wise error type correction, with an uncorrected p < 0.001 cluster-forming threshold and 1,000 permutations.…”

Rotten to the core – a neurofunctional signature of subjective core disgust generalizes to oral distaste and socio-moral contexts

“…1a). In humans, the distaste response was preadapted during evolution into core disgust which is essentially characterized by the highly aversive feeling of revulsion in response to contaminated, infectious, or poisonous stimuli, in turn facilitating pathogen avoidance [7][8][9][10] (thus also termed as pathogen disgust according to Tybur et al 11,12 ). Core disgust is distinct from the distaste reaction given that the experience of revulsion can be evoked in the absence of actual sensory stimuli like bitter taste and is strongly shaped by conscious appraisals (e.g., food being rejected based on where it might have been) 10 .…”

“…While several neurobiological models on the exact brain mechanisms of the distaste reaction have been established in animal models 5,15,16 , recent conceptual and computational advances indicate that the neural mechanisms that underlie conscious emotional experiences are distinguishable from those that mediate the hard-wired defensive and social-communicative facets of the response 8,[17][18][19][20][21] . While these studies primarily focused on fear, the neural mechanisms underlying the conscious experience of disgust, whether these mechanisms differ from the experience of evolutionary similar defensive functions (e.g., fear), and whether the same mechanisms mediate the aversive experience in the gustatory distaste response or in sociomoral transgressions remain fiercely debated.…”

“…A plethora of human studies employed functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to determine the neural basis of disgust, yet findings with respect to the neural systems that mediate conscious disgust experience remained highly inconsistent. For example, the insula has been traditionally considered as a key neural substrate of disgust 7,8,22,23 , however several studies did not observe insula engagement in response to disgust stimuli [24][25][26][27][28] and recent evidence suggests a broader role of the insula in interoceptive 29,30 , central autonomic 31 , and individual-level emotional information processing 32,33 . Subcortical regions like the amygdala and basal ganglia have also been considered as key disgust regions 8,22,34 , probably due to their roles in early threat detection and defensive motor responses 8,17,18 .…”

Fear of missing out (FOMO) associates with reduced cortical thickness in core regions of the posterior default mode network and higher levels of problematic smartphone and social media use

“…Martins et al, 2021) social processes such as mentalizing, self-reference, emotion recognition and social interaction have been robustly associated with distinct (social) brain systems, encompassing limbic, medial prefrontal and temporal regions as well as the large-scale default mode network (DMN) (e.g. Mihov et al, 2013; Amft et al, 2015; F. Zhou et al, 2020; Feng et al, 2021; Gan et al, 2022; Merritt, MacCormack, Stein, Lindquist, & Muscatell, 2021). Initial studies and conceptual reviews have begun to describe the neurobiological basis of dysfunctions in these domains in individuals with problematic substance use and reported for instance altered dorsomedial and limbic activation during social exclusion (e.g.…”