Common and specific genes and peripheral biomarkers in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Bonvicini, Cristian; Faraone, Stephen V.; Scassellati, Catia

doi:10.1080/15622975.2017.1282175

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that symptoms and neurocognitive deficits of ADHD patients are related to abnormalities in cortex development and functional and structural connectivity among several brain regions ( 53 ). Several peripheral (e.g., norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, monoamine oxidase, zinc) ( 4 ) and genetic biomarkers (e.g., genes belonging to dopaminergic, circadian rhythms and neurodevelopmental systems) ( 54 ) have been associated with ADHD both in diagnosis and in treatment response. miRNAs participate in modulating gene expression, resulting in the influence on the transcription of hereditary messages ( 18 ), and miRNAs are particularly associated with the abnormal differentiation and maldevelopment of neurons ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Bourne MicroRNA Biomarker Evaluation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of Han Chinese Individuals: An Exploratory Study

Wang

Lee

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, and its dysregulation of gene expression involves microRNAs (miRNAs). The purpose of this study was to identify potential miRNAs biomarkers and then use these biomarkers to establish a diagnostic panel for ADHD.Design and methods: RNA samples from white blood cells (WBCs) of five ADHD patients and five healthy controls were combined to create one pooled patient library and one control library. We identified 20 candidate miRNAs with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique (Illumina). Blood samples were then collected from a Training Set (68 patients and 54 controls) and a Testing Set (20 patients and 20 controls) to identify the expression profiles of these miRNAs with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate both the specificity and sensitivity of the probability score yielded by the support vector machine (SVM) model.Results: We identified 13 miRNAs as potential ADHD biomarkers. The ΔCt values of these miRNAs in the Training Set were integrated to create a biomarker model using the SVM algorithm, which demonstrated good validity in differentiating ADHD patients from control subjects (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 88.9%, AUC: 0.94, p < 0.001). The results of the blind testing showed that 85% of the subjects in the Testing Set were correctly classified using the SVM model alignment (AUC: 0.91, p < 0.001). The discriminative validity is not influenced by patients' age or gender, indicating both the robustness and the reliability of the SVM classification model.Conclusion: As measured in peripheral blood, miRNA-based biomarkers can aid in the differentiation of ADHD in clinical settings. Additional studies are needed in the future to clarify the ADHD-associated gene functions and biological mechanisms modulated by miRNAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Bourne MicroRNA Biomarker Evaluation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of Han Chinese Individuals: An Exploratory Study

Wang

Lee

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

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“… 272 273 274 Recent population-based studies from Brazil, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand have claimed that a large portion of de novo ADHD cases emerge at adult age, 275 276 277 but these results can probably be explained by methodological artifacts and missed subthreshold cases. 76 278 279 However, meta-analytic findings by Bonvicini et al 280 indicate that in part, different genes and polymorphisms seem to contribute to childhood ADHD and adulthood ADHD, lending some genetic plausibility to findings of a late manifestation of the disorder. According to the MTA study, the contribution of interventions administered during childhood to outcome in adulthood is negligible, but controlled intervention was limited to a relatively short period of time (14 months).…”

Section: Long-term Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

et al. 2020

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between “primary” and “secondary” ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.

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“…However, specific genetic factors differentiating childhood and persistent ADHD into adulthood are not well understood due to the lack of longitudinal studies. Molecular studies, including the most recent GWAS-MA of ADHD [6], have been performed in children and adults either separately or jointly [6,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], but large-scale analyses comparing their genetic basis are yet to be conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Rovira¹,

Demontis²,

Sánchez-Mora³

et al. 2020

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and jointly, and by comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children, and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.Neuropsychopharmacology (2020) 0:1-10; https://doi.

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Common and specific genes and peripheral biomarkers in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 68 publications

References 116 publications

Blood-Bourne MicroRNA Biomarker Evaluation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of Han Chinese Individuals: An Exploratory Study

Blood-Bourne MicroRNA Biomarker Evaluation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of Han Chinese Individuals: An Exploratory Study

ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents

Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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