Common and Unique microRNAs in Multiple Carcinomas Regulate Similar Network of Pathways to Mediate Cancer Progression

Abstract

cancer is a complex disease with a fatal outcome. early detection of cancer, by monitoring appropriate molecular markers is very important for its therapeutic management. in this regard, the short noncoding RnA molecules, microRnAs (miRnAs) have shown great promise due to their availability in circulating fluids facilitating non-invasive detection of cancer. In this study, an in silico comparative analysis was performed to identify specific signature miRNAs dysregulated across multiple carcinomas and simultaneously identify unique miRnAs for each cancer type as well. the miRnA-seq data of cancer patient was obtained from GDC portal and their differential expressions along with the pathways regulated by both common and unique miRnAs were analyzed. our studies show twelve miRnAs commonly dysregulated across seven different cancer types. Interestingly, four of those miRNAs (hsa-mir-210, hsa-mir-19a, hsa-mir-7 and hsa-mir-3662) are already reported as circulatory miRNAs (circRNAs); while, the miR-183 cluster along with hsa-mir-93 have been found to be incorporated in exosomes signifying the importance of the identified miRNAs for their use as prospective, non-invasive biomarkers. further, the target mRnAs and pathways regulated by both common and unique miRnAs were analyzed, which interestingly had significant commonality. This suggests that miRNAs that are commonly de-regulated and specifically altered in multiple cancers might regulate similar pathways to promote cancer. Our data is of significance because we not only identify a set of common and unique miRnAs for multiple cancers but also highlight the pathways regulated by them, which might facilitate the development of future non-invasive biomarkers conducive for early detection of cancers.

Regulation of Oncogenic Targets by the Tumor-Suppressive miR-139 Duplex (miR-139-5p and miR-139-3p) in Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…Accumulating evidence has shown a tumor-suppressive role of miR-139-5p in multiple types of cancers, including RCC [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Notably, miR-139-5p target genes are involved in cancer activation pathways, e.g., the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1, Wnt/β-catenin, and RTK/RAS/MAPK pathways [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Therefore, miR-139-5p plays a central role in controlling the malignant transformation of human cancers.…”

Serum Biomarkers for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 22–24 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression and are critically involved in the processes of liver development during embryogenesis, liver homeostasis and liver pathophysiology [ 30 ]. miRNAs can be secreted into the extracellular space and are found circulating in various body fluids as either part of extracellular vesicles or exosomes (exo) or associated with circulating proteins [ 31 ].…”

Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy—The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Unraveling the Puzzle

“…miRNAs are small, single-stranded non-coding RNA sequences of approximately 18–22 nucleotides that are regulators of gene expression, that can be derived from either cancer cells or immune cells [ 80 , 81 ]. They are known to have important roles at post-transcriptional and translational levels [ 82 ].…”