Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: From classical to MAS breeding

Abstract

Breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of global importance in common bean is reviewed with emphasis on development and application of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The implementation and adoption of MAS in breeding for disease resistance is advanced compared to the implementation of MAS for insect and abiotic stress resistance. Highlighted examples of breeding in common bean using molecular markers reveal the role and success of MAS in gene pyramiding, rapidly deploying resistance genes via marker-assisted backcrossing, enabling simpler detection and selection of resistance genes in absence of the pathogen, and contributing to simplified breeding of complex traits by detection and indirect selection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with major effects. The current status of MAS in breeding for resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose, Bean common mosaic and Bean common mosaic necrosis viruses, Beet curly top virus, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, common bacterial blight, halo bacterial blight, rust, root rots, and white mold is reviewed in detail. Cumulative mapping of disease resistance traits has revealed new resistance gene clusters while adding to others, and reinforces the co-location of QTL conditioning resistance with specific resistance genes and defense-related genes. Breeding for resistance to insect pests is updated for bean pod weevil (Apion), bruchid seed weevils, leafhopper, thrips, bean fly, and whitefly, including the use of arcelin proteins as selectable markers for resistance to bruchid seed weevils. Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses concentrates on drought, low soil phosphorus, and improved symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The combination of root growth and morphology traits, phosphorus uptake mechanisms, root acid exudation, and other traits in alleviating phosphorus deficiency, and identification of numerous QTL of relatively minor effect associated with each trait, reveals the complexity to be addressed in breeding for abiotic stress resistance in common bean.

Climatic adaptation and ecological descriptors of wild beans from Mexico

“…Therefore, we suggest the necessity to study adaptation patterns and ranges to predict the future distribution of species; the reduced range of temperatures will reduce adaptation capacity (Hill et al., 2011; Porch et al., 2013). In addition, as high temperatures are associated with an increase in pest and disease incidence, we can efficiently breed beans for increased resistance to these adverse factors if we know the environmental conditions that act as selection pressure sites (Abberton et al., 2015; Miklas, Kelly, Beebe, & Blair, 2006). …”

“…The best‐studied stress in bean breeding is drought stress (Beebe, Rao, Blair, & Acosta‐Gallegos, 2013; Blair, Cortés, & This, 2016; Miklas et al., 2006; Rodriguez et al., 2015; Villordo‐Pineda, González‐Chavira, Giraldo‐Carbajo, Acosta‐Gallegos, & Caballero‐Pérez, 2015). The most widely used strategy consists of the identification of wild and landrace germplasm resistant to drought stress (Cortés, Monserrate, Ramírez‐Villegas, Madriñán, & Blair, 2013; Porch et al., 2013).…”

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

“…The legume community has been successful in developing several molecular breeding products despite the late arrival of genomic resources and trait-associated markers (Varshney et al, 2013a,b;Pandey et al, 2016;Varshney, 2016). Some key examples include resistance to Fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight (Varshney et al, 2013b) and improved drought tolerance (Varshney et al, 2013a) in chickpea; resistance to nematode and high oleic acid (Chu et al, 2011), resistance to leaf rust , and resistance to high oleic acid (Janila et al, 2016) in groundnut; resistance to rust disease (Khanh et al, 2013), soybean mosaic virus (Saghai-Maroof et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2009;Parhe et al, 2017), and low phytate (Landau-Ellis and Pantalone, 2009) in soybean; Striga resistance and seed size in cowpea (Lucas et al, 2015; see Boukar et al, 2016); pyramid genes for resistance to ascochyta blight and anthracnose in lentil (Taran et al, 2003); powdery mildew resistance (Ghafoor and McPhee 2012), lodging resistance (Zhang et al, 2006), frost tolerance (see Tayeh et al, 2015b), and Aphanomyces root rot resistance (Lavaud et al, 2015) in pea; and resistance to common bacterial blight disease (Miklas et al, 2000(Miklas et al, , 2006Mutlu et al, 2005;O'Boyle and Kelly, 2007), rust and viruses (Stavely, 2000), rust, anthracnose, and angular leaf spot (Oliveira et al, 2008), rust (Feleiro et al, 2001), and anthracnose (Alzate-Marin et al, 1999) in common bean. Several of these improved lines have either been released or are in the release pipeline in different countries.…”

Introgression and pyramiding into common bean market class fabada of genes conferring resistance to anthracnose and potyvirus

“…Specific molecular markers linked to resistance loci to anthracnose and BCM have been described (Miklas et al 2006). Indirect selection using molecular markers tightly linked to specific genes (marker-assisted selection or MAS), increases the efficiency of breeding programs (Miklas et al 2006;Collard and Mackill 2008;Gupta et al 2010).…”

“…Indirect selection using molecular markers tightly linked to specific genes (marker-assisted selection or MAS), increases the efficiency of breeding programs (Miklas et al 2006;Collard and Mackill 2008;Gupta et al 2010). MAS allows selection of genotypes at seedling stage, minimizing the number or size of resistance tests, identification of resistant genotypes in absence of the pathogen, detection and monitoring of specific resistance genes involved in the resistant reactions and, in some cases, differentiation between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.…”