Common Carotid Artery Calcification Impacts on Cognitive Function in Older Patients

Daniele, Nicola Di; Celotto, Roberto; Fegatelli, Danilo Alunni; Gabriele, Marco; Rovella, Valentina; Scuteri, Angelo

doi:10.1007/s40292-019-00301-z

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Most importantly, a 3-year increase of NT-proBNP level over time was associated with an increased risk of future dementia whereas a decrease of NT-proBNP level was associated with reduced risk of dementia. The NT-proBNP level increase was correlated to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant comorbidities, such as impaired renal function, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and coronary artery calcification, which represent potential targets in order to prevent dementia [ 11 , 12 ]. In fact, this study suggested that early treatment of these risk conditions and adequate cardiovascular prevention could avoid dementia development in the elderly.…”

Section: Populations-based Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Gallo

Bianchi

Cotugno

et al. 2020

JCM

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The natriuretic peptides (NPs) belong to a family of cardiac hormones that exert relevant protective functions within the cardiovascular system. An increase of both brain and atrial natriuretic peptide levels, particularly of the amino-terminal peptides (NT-proBNP and NT-proANP), represents a marker of cardiovascular damage. A link between increased NP levels and cognitive decline and dementia has been reported in several human studies performed both in general populations and in cohorts of patients affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In particular, it was reported that the elevation of NP levels in dementia can be both dependent and independent from CVD risk factors. In the first case, it may be expected that, by counteracting early on the cardiovascular risk factor load and the pathological processes leading to increased aminoterminal natriuretic peptide (NT-proNP) level, the risk of dementia could be significantly reduced. In case of a link independent from CVD risk factors, an increased NP level should be considered as a direct marker of neuronal damage. In the context of hypertension, elevated NT-proBNP and mid-regional (MR)-proANP levels behave as markers of brain microcirculatory damage and dysfunction. The available evidence suggests that they could help in identifying those subjects who would benefit most from a timely antihypertensive therapy.

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Section: Populations-based Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Gallo

Bianchi

Cotugno

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…In the CARDIA study, subclinical atherosclerotic calcification was related with poorer psychomotor speed and memory in midlife in a community-based sample ( Reis et al, 2013 ). Another hospital-based study proved that common carotid artery calcification increased the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, and this association appeared independent of arterial stiffness ( Di Daniele et al, 2019 ). All of these findings supported the hypothesis that the presence and amount of calcification is related to cognitive impairment, which is supported by our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Atherosclerotic Calcification Characteristics Relate to Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment

Wang

Ding

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Together with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), large vessel atherosclerosis is considered to be an equally important risk factor in the progression of vascular cognitive impairment. This article aims to investigate whether carotid atherosclerotic calcification is associated with the increased risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods: A total of 128 patients (mean age: 62.1 ± 12.2 years, 37 women) suffering from ischemic stroke underwent brain/neck computer tomography angiography examination. The presence and characteristic of carotid calcification (size, number and location) were analyzed on computer tomography angiography. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) was assessed using Fazekas scales. PSCI was diagnosed based on a battery of neuropsychological assessments implemented 6−12 months after stroke.Results: Among 128 patients, 26 developed post-stroke dementia and 96 had carotid calcification. Logistic regression found carotid calcification (odds ratio [OR] = 7.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–47.69) and carotid artery stenosis (OR = 6.42, 95% CI: 1.03–40.15) both significantly increased the risk for post-stroke dementia. Moreover, multiple, thick/mixed, and surface calcifications exhibited an increasing trend in PSCI (Ptrend = 0.004, 0.016, 0.045, respectively). The prediction model for post-stroke dementia including carotid calcification (area under curve = 0.67), WMH (area under curve = 0.67) and other covariates yielded an area under curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.99).Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the quantity and location of carotid calcifications were independent indicators for PSCI. The significant role of large vessel atherosclerosis in PSCI should be concerned in future study.

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“…Numerous population studies have reported that atherosclerosis, arterial calcification, and arterial stiffness increase the risk for dementia and cognitive impairment [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. In a population-based cohort study of 844 patients, the amount of atherosclerotic calcification was directly proportional to cognitive impairment and inversely related to brain tissue volume [ 83 ].…”

Section: Vitamin K2 and Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cohort study with 1732 participants reported a similar finding and established an association between generalized atherosclerosis and mild cognitive impairment [ 85 ]. One study demonstrated that carotid artery calcification was associated with a higher risk of dementia, and a recent cohort study that followed 4988 middle-aged Dutch ImaLife participants over a 10-year period showed that coronary artery calcium severity was associated with cognitive decline [ 86 , 87 ]. Additionally, aortic stiffness has been associated with an increased risk of dementia [ 88 ].…”

Section: Vitamin K2 and Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K2 Holds Promise for Alzheimer’s Prevention and Treatment

Popescu¹,

German

2021

Nutrients

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Recent studies have highlighted the importance of vitamin K2 (VK2) in human health. However, there have been no clinical studies investigating the role of VK2 in the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a debilitating disease for which currently there is no cure. In reviewing basic science research and clinical studies that have connected VK2 to factors involved in AD pathogenesis, we have found a growing body of evidence demonstrating that VK2 has the potential to slow the progression of AD and contribute to its prevention. In our review, we consider the antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of VK2 and its impact on neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cognition, cardiovascular health, and comorbidities in AD. We also examine the link between dysbiosis and VK2 in the context of the microbiome’s role in AD pathogenesis. Our review is the first to consider the physiological roles of VK2 in the context of AD, and, given the recent shift in AD research toward nonpharmacological interventions, our findings emphasize the timeliness and need for clinical studies involving VK2.

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Common Carotid Artery Calcification Impacts on Cognitive Function in Older Patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Natriuretic Peptides, Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Intriguing Pathogenic Link with Implications in Hypertension

Carotid Atherosclerotic Calcification Characteristics Relate to Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment

Vitamin K2 Holds Promise for Alzheimer’s Prevention and Treatment

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