Common Chicken Diseases in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh: Estimation Through the Veterinary Hospital-Based Passive Surveillance System

Abstract

| Poultry farming in South-East Asia has been rapidly progressing to meet the demands of population growth and reducing malnutrition. However, the diseases and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry threaten the industry posing public health risks. A clinico-epidemiological study was therefore conducted at the District Veterinary Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh during October-November 2019 to determine the overall disease prevalence, prescription patterns, and disease associated factors in different bird types. Data were obtained through interviews and inspections and then stored in MS Excel 2010. Data were coded, recorded, and checked for consistency before exporting to STATA-13 software for statistical analysis. ArcGIS Desktop Version 10.4.1 was used to produce a map showing geographical case distribution. In total, 552 cases (182 exotic broilers, 118 Sonali, and 252 exotic layers) were included during the study period. Visceral gout (42.4%), coccidiosis (49.2%), and colibacillosis (24.2%) were the most frequent disease in broiler, Sonali, and layers, respectively. The study also showed the single application of watch group antibiotics was the highest in broilers (88.3%), followed by Sonali (67.4%) and layers (56.5%). Doxycycline (72.7%) was the most common antibiotic for treating visceral gout in broilers, whereas ciprofloxacin was highly used in Sonali for infectious bursal disease (84.4%), and coccidiosis (58.6%) respectively, and tiamulin (6.4%) for salmonellosis in layers. This disease prevalence suggests poor farm hygiene and bio-security in the study areas. Special care should be taken around younger chickens' as visceral gout and infectious bursal disease were the most common. Antibiotics should be used more judiciously to curb the growing multidrug resistance pattern among zoonotic bacteria.

Recent Investigations on the Prevalence of Poultry Diseases

“…In our investigation, highest prevalence of ND found in summer season (6.37%) followed by rainy (4.98%) and winter season (1.97%). These findings are in agreement with the findings of Islam et al [18] who showed the higher prevalence of ND in summer (3.48%) than rainy (2.36%) and winter season (0.88%). In our study, ND in commercial chickens especially in sonali was still a great threat to the poultry industry which might be due to several factors that might trigger the disease frequency like geographical variation, genetic variation of the species, dense poultry population, types and methods of vaccination, presence of maternal antibody, faulty storage, handling and administration of vaccine, and environment also [19].…”

“…These findings support the results of our study. On the contrary, sonali chickens were found to be the highest prevalent for IBD recorded by Islam et al [18] where they reported 39% prevalence of IBD in sonali chickens. Most of the flocks where IBD were noticed are vaccinated.…”

“…Layer chickens (12.98%) are found to be the highest prevalent for colibacillosis followed by 9.86% and 6.89% subsequently in sonali and broiler chickens. Similarly, Islam et al [18] described highest prevalence of colibacillosis in layer 24.2% followed by 15.4% and 13.6% respectively in broiler and sonali chickens. These findings are more or less similar to our study.…”

“…On the contrary, Uddin et al [20] and Islam et al [14] described 7.68% and 14.6 % prevalence of salmonellosis, respectively. Islam et al [18] described highest prevalence of salmonellosis in layer (18.3%) followed by sonali (7.6%) and broiler chickens (6.6%). These findings are supported in our study.…”

Assessment of Backyard Chicken Farmers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Management and Biosecurity in Bangladesh

“…The study explored cases of Newcastle disease, Fowl pox, Fowl cholera, and coccidiosis. Our findings are well-matched with many earlier studies on backyard chicken farming in Bangladesh (Uddin et al, 2010;Hassan et al, 2016;Badruzzaman et al, 2015;Talukdar et al, 2017;Al Mamun et al, 2019;Islam et al, 2021). A similar pattern of diseases in chickens was reported in Nigeria, Pakistan, India, and Ethiopia (Balami et al 2014;Abede and Gugsa, 2018).…”