Common dietary patterns and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: Analysis from the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS)

Abstract

Few prospective cohort studies in the UK have specifically focused on the associations between commonly consumed dietary patterns and colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of our study was to assess whether red meat, poultry, fish and vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with differences in the incidence of cancers of colon and rectum in the UKWCS. Four common dietary patterns were defined based on a hierarchy of consumption of red meat, poultry and fish for each cohort participant, using a 217‐item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to provide adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CRC. A total of 32,147 women recruited and surveyed between 1995 and 1998 were followed up for a mean of 17.2 years (426,798 person‐years). A total of 462 incident CRC cases were documented; 335 colon cancers (172 proximal and 119 distal) and 152 in the rectum. In multivariable‐adjusted models, there was no evidence of a reduction in risk of overall CRC (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66–1.12), colon cancer (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56–1.05) or rectal cancer (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.66–1.63) when comparing grouped red meat free diets with diets containing red meat. Exploratory analysis suggested a reduced risk of distal colon cancer in grouped red meat free diets (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95), though numbers with this outcome were small. These results indicate that a protective association of red meat free diets specifically on distal colon cancer merits confirmation in a larger study.

Unplanned admissions for patients with myeloma in the UK: Low frequency but high costs

“…In addition, we collected data on admissions and costs by patients with colon cancer diagnosis to compare our findings about myeloma against those of a more prevalent cancer. Colon cancer was chosen as a comparator as it also affects both women and men, its economic burden has been extensively investigated [14,15] and its ICD-10 codes have been validated in previous studies using HES APC [16,17]. ICD-10 codes used to extract data on colon cancer admissions were “Malignant neoplasms of the colon” (C18), of the rectosigmoid junction (C19), and of the rectum (C20).…”

The Relationship Between Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on 3,059,009 Subjects

“…We created a detailed classification of the dietary patterns involved according to the principles mentioned in the incorporated eligible article (Supplementary Table 5). Classification resulted in 14 articles on vegan diets (21,22,25,28,29,31,35,36,39,43,47,51,54,57), 8 articles contained semivegetarian diets (24,32,37,38,41,48,61,63), 1 article was on pesco-vegetarians ( 27), 1 study mentioned lacto-ovo-vegetarians (55), 2 studies reported on pesco-laco-ovo-vegetarians (46,53), 1 study involved lacto-vegetarians (68), 10 articles were on prudent diets (23,26,27,30,34,44,56,58,60,62), 3 studies referred to the DASH diet (56,65,66) and 11 articles were on the Mediterranean diet (33,40,42,45,49,50,52,…”

Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Smoking Interact in Relation with Colorectal Adenomas

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world’s third most common cancer and the fourth most deadly cancer, with almost 900,000 deaths annually [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition to a genetic background, it has been shown that metabolic profile [ 3 ], lifestyle [ 4 ], dietary habits [ 5 , 6 ], and smoking [ 4 , 7 ] are strongly and independently associated with colorectal polyps, the direct precursors of CRC. Moreover, smoking and dietary factors have been reported to interact in their association with colorectal neoplasia [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”